Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is a popular nonparametric model. In GPR, features of the function such as varying degrees smoothness and periodicities are modeled through combining various covarinace kernels, which supposed to certain effects (Bousquet et al., 2011; Gelman 2013). The covariance kernels have unknown parameters estimated by EM-algorithm or Markov Chain Monte Carlo. keys ...

During germination of spores of Bacillus species the degradation of the spore's pool of small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) is initiated by a protease termed GPR, the product of the gpr gene. Bacillus megaterium and B. subtilis mutants with an inactivated gpr gene grew, sporulated, and triggered spore germination as did gpr+ strains. However, SASP degradation was very slow during germination of...

[1] Estimation of the three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of hydrologic properties and related uncertainty is a key for improved predictions of hydrologic processes in the subsurface. However it is difficult to gain high-quality and high-density hydrologic information from the subsurface. In this regard a promising strategy is to use highresolution geophysical data (that are relatively sensiti...

By using continuous infusions of 3H- and 14C-labelled substrates, three-pool models, incorporating rumen propionate, plasma glucose and blood carbon dioxide were constructed to determine the contribution of propionate to glucose in non-pregnant, pregnant (mid and late) and lactating hill ewes. Although the intakes of non-pregnant and pregnant ewes were the same (1200 g dried grass/d) and result...

Ground penetrating radar (commonly called GPR) is a high resolution electromagnetic technique that is designed primarily to investigate the shallow subsurface of the earth, building materials, and roads and bridges. GPR has been developed over the past thirty years for shallow, high resolution investigations of the subsurface. GPR is a time-depen­ dent geophysical technique that can provide a 3...

The goal of our research is to develop an autonomous robot for subsurface mapping. We are motivated by the growing need for mapping buried pipes, hazardous waste, landmines and other buried objects. Most of these are large scale mapping problems, and to manually construct subsurface maps in these cases would require a significant amount of resources. Therefore, automating the subsurface mapping...

Interpreters are routinely required to develop a continuous model of the subsurface through the integration of available data. One of the issues commonly encountered is how best to “fill in” the region between data points, or describe the region at a scale less than the scale of the sampling. We take this opportunity, as part of the Near-Surface Geophysics issue, to describe research currently ...

ground penetration radar (gpr) as a nondestructive method for identifying underground objects has been successfully applied to different fields of science such as geotechnical investigations, oil and gas exploration, geology, pipe detection and archeology investigations. metallic and nonmetallic objects can be identified by this method.  the depth of penetration is dictated by the gpr antennas....