Introduction: D-galactose (D-gal) is well known as an appropriate agent to induced aging effects in the in vivo and in vitro models. In the present study, we selected crocin, the main constituent of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron), against D-gal cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Materials and Methods:  Cells were pretreated with crocin (25-500 µM) for 24 h and then expos...

d-galactose has been considered a senescent model for age-related neurodegenerative disease. It induces oxidative stress which triggers memory impairment, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Caffeine act as anti-oxidant and has been used in various model of neurodegenerative disease. Nevertheless, the effect of caffeine against d-galactose aging murine model of age-related neurodegenerativ...

b a ckground: the role of lectins is important in interaction between pathogens and mosquito vectors. this study was performed to identify agglutinin activities of protein molecules on the midgut of culex pipiens . m e t hods: c u lex pipiens was reared in insectray condition and the midguts of males and females (blood fed and un- fed) were dissected separately in tris-hcl buffer. the extracts ...

In most organisms, the conversion of -D-galactose to the more metabolically useful glucose 1-phosphate is accomplished by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway (Scheme 1). In the first step of this pathway, -D-galactose is epimerized to -D-galactose by galactose mutarotase. The next step involves the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of -D-galactose by galactokinase to yield...

Rogers, Dexter (Utah State University, Logan) and Shon-hua Yu. Substrate specificity of a glucose permease of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 84:877-881. 1962.-A study was made of d-galactose uptake by galactose-negative Escherichia coli strain A (Weigle). Uptake probably occurred through a glucose-permease system, because d-glucose and a variety of nonmetabolizable glucose derivatives inhibite...

Azotobacter vinelandii cell extracts reduced NAD and oxidized d-galactose to galactonate that subsequently was converted to 2-keto-3-deoxy-galactonate. Further metabolism of 2-keto-3-deoxy-galactonate required the presence of ATP and resulted in the formation of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-P. Radiorespirometry indicated a preferential release of CO(2) at the first carbon position of the d-gal...

The ability of Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) to grow on lactose strongly depends on the formation of an extracellular glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 35 beta-galactosidase, encoded by the bga1 gene. Previous studies, using batch or transfer cultures of pregrown cells, had shown that bga1 is induced by lactose and d-galactose, but to a lesser extent by galactitol. To test whether the in...

The transport of some sugars at the antiluminal face of renal cells was studied using teased tubules of flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). The analytical procedure allowed the determination of both free and total (free plus phosphorylated) tissue sugars. The inulin space of the preparation was 0.333 +/- 0.017 kg/kg wet wt (7 animals, 33 analyses). The nonmetabolizable alpha-methyl-D-gluc...

Investigations into pharmaceutical intervention of pancreatic and hepatic dysfunction associated with metabolic disturbances have received relatively little attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of exendin-4 in mice receiving D-galactose, a reducing sugar that triggers ROS production and inflammatory mediators affecting the pancreas and liver. Exendin-4 is a...

In most organisms, the conversion of -D-galactose to the more metabolically useful glucose 1-phosphate is accomplished by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway (Scheme 1). In the first step of this pathway, -D-galactose is epimerized to -D-galactose by galactose mutarotase. The next step involves the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of -D-galactose by galactokinase to yield...