Exposure of health care workers to antineoplastic drugs and subsequent adverse health effects is still an open issue. Very little has been studied on the extent of occupational exposure and handling conditions of antineoplastic drugs in Iran. We aimed to determine cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide concentrations in the urine samples of oncology healthcare workers. In addition, we assessed workpla...

The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide has been evaluated in 15 patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with alkylating agents followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Each patient received two courses of chemotherapy: 4 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide by 90-min infusion prior to peripheral blood progenitor cell collection (the first course) and 6 g/m2 of ...

PURPOSE A preliminary investigation was conducted to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two closed-system products in preventing contamination of typical pharmacy workplace surfaces with cyclophosphamide during simulated hazardous drug preparation activities in a controlled laboratory setting. METHODS Two separate trials simulating hazardous drug compounding using cyclophosphamide were...

Nanoscale drug carriers play an important role in regulating the delivery, permeability, and retention of the drugs. Although various carriers have been used to encapsulate anticancer drugs, natural biomaterials are of great benefit for delivery and controlled release of drugs. We used the electrospray deposition system to synthesize gliadin and gliadin-gelatin composite nanoparticles for deliv...

Since cyclophosphamide is used by both oral and i.v. routes in the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies, we designed a randomized, crossover clinical trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of this anticancer agent after either administration route. Plasma levels of cyclophosphamide and its two cytotoxic metabolites, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, were determin...

-Growth curve measurements on the EMT6 tumour following treatment with cyclophosphamide indicate a growth delay of about 3 days for each 100 mg/kg of the drug. Tumours treated whilst still microscopic show a rather longer delay for the same dose. Data for the surviving fraction of cells in the tumours measured by in vitro plating at 2 h after cyclophosphamide are not compatible with the measure...

BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide is a potent anticancer drug, but its clinical utility is limited because of its severe side effects, in particular liver damage. Chalone 19-peptide induces apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibits tumor growth. The present study investigated the antitumor effects of a combination of cyclophosphamide and Chalone 19-peptide in experimental breast cancer. METHODS An anim...

Cyclophosphamide is an anticancer drug with immunosuppressive activities. Considering various reports on the possible antioxidant/protective functions of ascorbic acid, it is aimed at to explore the modulatory effect of ascorbic acid on therapeutic efficacy as well as mutagenic potentials of cyclophosphamide in the same tumor bearing mice. Swiss albino mice with ascites Dalton’s lymphoma were u...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Induction treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is not always successful and nonresponding patients are considered refractory. RECENT FINDINGS Refractory disease should be subdefined to the treatment that was received. Cyclophosphamide refractory AAV occurs in up to 5% of patients. Many more patients develop contraindications t...

Cyclophosphamide has long been known to be an extremely effective immunosuppressant in rodents. In humans, the drug has been used extensively for cancer chemotherapy and for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Several years ago cyclophosphamide was introduced by Santos and his associates into to the field of clinical bone marrow grafting. There are probably tho reasons why cyclophosphamide h...