The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of insoles and additional shock absorption foam on the cushioning properties of various sport shoes with an impact testing method. Three commercial sport shoes were used in this study, and shock absorption foam (TPE5020; Vers Tech Science Co. Ltd., Taiwan) with 2-mm thickness was placed below the insole in the heel region for each shoe. E...

The absence of periodontium causes masticatory load in excess of the self-repairing potential of peri-implant bone; peri-implant bone loss caused by occlusal overload is not uncommon in patients and greatly diminishes chances of long-term success. Regenerative treatments may be useful in inducing peri-implant bone regeneration, but are only stopgap solutions to the aftermaths caused by the impe...

During the Great Recession, immigrants reacted to drop in labour demand Spain through internal migration or leaving country. Consequently, provinces lost 13.5% of their - 3% total supply, on average. Using municipal registers and longitudinal administrative data, I find that immigrant outflows slowed decline employment wage natives. use a modified shift-share instrument based past settlements c...

Introduction Excessive pronation is considered to be the cause of various overuse injuries. Thus, different mechanisms to control excessive pronation have been developed (e.g. dual density and medial support shoes). Reducing effects of shoes with extreme varus angles (VA) of 8–10° on pronation (TPR) and maximum pronation velocity (MPV) have been shown [1,2]. However, resultant GRFs, loading rat...

Orthotics and other types of shoe inserts are primarily designed to reduce injury and improve comfort. The interaction between the plantar surface of the foot and the load-bearing surface contributes to foot and surface deformations and hence to perceived comfort, discomfort or pain. The plantar shapes of 16 participants' feet were captured when standing on three support surfaces that had diffe...

The air cushioning effect in the gap between an almost inviscid body of water and a nearby solid wall (or another body of water) is studied theoretically and is found to depend on predominantly lubricating forces in the air, in certain applications. The situation in which the density and viscosity in air are taken as small compared with those in water is investigated. In this situation potentia...

Shoe cushioning technology is expected to protect runners against repetitive loading of the musculoskeletal system, and therefore, running-related injuries (RRI). It a common belief that heavier...