the principle of formality –free protection is an international principle in the copyright and it was stabilized in the berne convention. but this principle has not been studied in iran and evaluation of the principle is very vital because easier access to the works and fair trial. recent paper has attempted to study this principle in light of the berne convention and analyzes and interprets th...

occurred recency principle and recency proving   saber khalilnejad kiasari [1]   abstract: this article is to investigate one of the practical principles of methodology and jurisprudence as well as occurred recency principle. this principle is at work to clarify many issues concerned with the priority and recency of two carrying judicial and legal effects. here, through explaining the purpose o...

Overview (Re)insurance premium calculation Net premium principle Wang's premium principle applied to excess-of-loss reinsurance setting Extreme value statistics Motivation Extreme value theory (first order framework) Estimating reinsurance premiums Finite sample behavior Simulated data (Fréchet, Burr) Reinsurance premiums (net premium, dual-power transform) X non-negative random variable denoti...

In this paper, based on the additive measure integral representation of a nonadditive measure integral, it is shown that any comonotonically additive premium principle can be represented as an integral of the distorted decumulative distribution function of the insurance risk. Furthermore, a sufficient and necessary condition that a premium principle is a distortion premium principle is given.

principle of justice and equity is a term, although it is seen in recent jurisprudents' writings, which have not been explained clearly at all. therefore, some of the jurisprudents do not accept this term as a principle; some others accept it as a principle and consider its implementation in case of being a special reason; and other group of jurisprudents accept it as a principle but limit...

The actuarial and the financial approach to the pricing of risk remain different despite the increasingly direct interconnection of financial and insurance markets. The difference can be summarized as pricing based on classical risk theory (insurance) vs. non-arbitrage pricing (finance). However, comparable pricing principles are of importance when it comes to transferring insurance risk to fin...