As the impact of dengue expands, a safe and effective vaccine will benefit the world greatly. Recent progress and novel approaches have advanced the field, but many challenges and unanswered questions remain for dengue vaccine developers. The most advanced dengue vaccine candidate, a chimeric yellow fever dengue (CYD) tetravalent vaccine, was the first dengue vaccine tested in a field efficacy ...

1. List the potential medical applications of liquid-assisted ventilation (LAV). 2. Describe the properties of perfluorochemical liquids that are important for their use in liquid ventilation. 3. Describe the potential benefits of LAV in respiratory distress syndrome, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and aspiration syndromes. 4. Delineate specific nonrespira...

The rationale to treat lymphomas with immunotherapy comes from long-standing evidence on their distinctive immune responsiveness. Indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in particular, establish key interactions with the immune microenvironment to ensure prosurvival signals and prevent antitumor immune activation. However, reports of spontaneous regressions indicate that, under certain circumsta...

Almost three decades of controversy have surrounded the concept of'expressed emotion'. This fascinating saga has been carefully chronicled in the recent book by Leff and Vaughn, Expressed Emotion in Families (1985). The original work derived from the unexpected finding that long-stay patients survived longer in community settings and maintained better social functioning when they were discharge...

Despite increasing complexity of neurosurgical procedures; they have become safer over the last few decades which can be clearly attributed to rapid advancement in technology coupled with dramatic improvement in radiological imaging. Today neurosurgical treatment is increasingly benefitted by rapid developments in radiological imaging and post processing techniques leading to decreased invasive...

lzheimer's disease (AD) is a specific type of neurodegenerative dementia characterized clinically by a progressive loss of memory and other aspects of cognition and pathologically by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and neuronal cell death1. Alois Alzheimer was the first physician to describe the neurohistopathological aspects of AD in 1907 in a 55-year-old woman. It ac...

The concern about the maintenance of the human species has existed since the earliest civilizations. Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility has led to the development of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) which, along with the evolution of genetics and molecular biology studies, have contributed in a concrete way to the management of infertile couples. Classic in vitro ferti...

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy (Haslam and James, 2005). The lifestyle treatments directed at improving diet and physical activity are considered as first line treatment for obesity; however, if these fail, antiobesity medication is recommended. In the past...

-A progress report and the research plan for a new method of antitumor immunization using the intralymphatic route are presented. A total of 205 intralymphatic infusions of intact cellular vaccines have been performed in normal and tumorbearing dogs. In vitro and in vivo experiments on normal dogs demonstrated that intralymphatic immunization produces a more rapid and more intense qytotoxic cel...

Low back pain is a common clinical problem that may be due to a variety of causes, including disc disease. Provocative discography is an imaging-guided procedure in which a contrast agent is injected into the nucleus pulposus of the disc. Despite its controversial history, it remains the only imaging technique that provides both anatomical and functional information about a diseased disc. Disc ...