These lectures introduce some of the basic theory of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization with the primary aim of developing the theory of CMB polarization from inflationary gravitational waves, as well as some of the related theory of weak gravitational lensing (cosmic shear) of CMB polarization. We begin with production of polarization by Thomson scattering. We then discuss tensor-h...

Begomoviruses are plant-infecting viruses, which are transmitted by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. They have a genome of single-stranded DNA that consists of either a single (monopartite) or two components (bipartite) with a component size of approximately 2.8 kb. Many monopartite begomoviruses in the Old World have been found to be associated with betasatellite and alphasatellite molecule...

This study sought to examine any differences in upper rectus abdominis (URA) and lower rectus abdominis (LRA) muscle activity during four abdominal exercises, the curl-up, Swiss ball curl-up, Swiss ball jackknife and Swiss ball rollout. Fourteen healthy adults (7 males, 7 females, mean age+/-S.D.=21.8+/-3.8 years) performed abdominal exercises in a randomised order following maximal voluntary i...

This paper describes the application of neural network techniques to the papermaking industry, particularly for the prediction of paper "curl." Paper curl is an important quality measure that can only be measured reliably off-line after manufacture, making it difficult to control. Here we predict, before paper manufacture from characteristics of the current reel, whether the paper curl will be ...

This paper is concerned with the application of principles of differential geometry in multigrid for the div-grad, curl-curl and grad-div equations. First, the discrete counterpart of the formulas for edge, face and volume elements are used to derive a sequence of a commuting edge, face and volume prolongator from an arbitrary partition of unity nodal prolongator. The implied coarse topology an...

Let $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^3$ be a Lipschitz domain and let $S_\mathrm{curl}(\Omega)$ the largest constant such that $$ \int_{\mathbb{R}^3}|\nabla\times u|^2\, dx\geq S_{\mathrm{curl}}(\Omega) \inf_{\substack{w\in W_0^6(\mathrm{curl};\mathbb{R}^3)\\ \nabla\times w=0}}\Big(\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}|u+w|^6\,dx\Big)^{\frac13} for any $u$ in $W_0^6(\mathrm{curl};\Omega)\subset W_0^6(\mathrm{curl};\mat...

[1] The seasonal cycle of the near-surface circulation off central Chile was analyzed using satellite altimetry and an oceanic model. To evaluate the role of the wind stress curl on the circulation we performed two identical simulations except for the wind-forcing: the “control run” used long-term monthly mean wind stress and the “no-curl run” used a similar wind stress field, but without curl....

We propose to augment standard grid-based fluid solvers with pointwise divergence-free velocity interpolation, thereby ensuring exact incompressibility down the sub-cell level. Our method takes as input a discretely field generated by staggered grid pressure projection, and first recovers corresponding discrete vector potential. Instead of solving costly Poisson problem for potential, we develo...

Related DatabasesWeb of Science You must be logged in with an active subscription to view this.Article DataHistorySubmitted: 10 August 2020Accepted: 21 October 2021Published online: 25 January 2022Keywords$\grad\curl$-conforming, finite elements, Stokes complexes, divergence-free, curl?curl problemsAMS Subject Headings65N30, 35Q60, 65N15, 35B45Publication DataISSN (print): 0036-1429ISSN (online...

This study examined the effectiveness of a functional hamstring training exercise, the razor curl on conditioning the hamstring and gluteal musculature. Eight healthy, female intercollegiate athletes participated (mean age 20.8 +/- 3.9 years; mean height, 177.8 +/- 10.9 cm; mean weight, 67.3 +/- 9.9 kg). Electromyographic (EMG) data were collected on the following muscles: medial hamstring (sem...