Mono-ubiquitylation of a transactivator is known to promote transcriptional activation of certain transactivator proteins. For the Sacchromyces cerevisiae transactivator, GAL4, attachment of mono-ubiquitin prevents destabilization of the DNA-transactivator complex by the ATPases of the 26S proteasome. This inhibition of destabilization depends on the arrangement of ubiquitin; a chain of ubiquit...

The lasting effects of neuronal activity on brain development involve calcium-dependent gene expression. Using a strategy called transactivator trap, we cloned a calcium-responsive transactivator called CREST (for calcium-responsive transactivator). CREST is a SYT-related nuclear protein that interacts with adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding pro...

We present the first implementation of the Cho–Faddeev–Niemi decomposition of the SU(2) Yang-Mills field on a lattice. Our construction retains the color symmetry (global SU(2) gauge invariance) even after a new type of Maximally Abelian gauge, as explicitly demonstrated by numerical simulations. Moreover, we propose a gauge-invariant definition of the magnetic monopole current using this formu...

Background: Radio-adaptive response and bystander effects are known phenomena occurring in cells following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). In this study we examined possible radio-adaptation of lymphocytes following bystander effects induced by CHO-K1 cells. Materials and Methods: Whole blood and CHO-K1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 complete medium. Cells were separately irradiated with...

Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 who abuse opiates can have a higher incidence of virus-associated neuropathology. Human immunodeficiency virus does not infect neurons, but viral proteins such as transactivator of transcription and glycoprotein 120, originating from infected glia, are neurotoxic. Moreover, functional changes in glial cells that enhance inflammation and r...

Pseudomonas putida F1 can assimilate benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene using the toluene degradation pathway, and can also utilize p-cymene via p-cumate using the p-cymene and p-cumate catabolic pathways. In the present study, P. putida F1 strains were isolated that were adapted to assimilate new substrates such as n-propylbenzene, n-butylbenzene, cumene and biphenyl, and the molecular mechanis...

Background: The critical role of interleukin-7 (IL-7) in homeostatic proliferation and T cell survival has made it a promising cytokine for the treatment of various clinical conditions, especially those associated with lymphopenia. Methods: In the present study we expressed recombinant human interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. CHO-K1 cells were stably transfected ...

background: ifn-g is mostly secreted by activated cd4+ , cd8+ t cells and nk cells. this cytokine has immunomodulatory, anti-cancer and anti-microbial effects and is important for prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of chronic infections and cancers. objective: the purpose of this study was to clone the full cdna of human ifn-g and express it in cho cell line. methods: lymphocytes from a healt...