Contracting out is a policy that yields unambiguous fiscal gains to the governments that practise it . However, the majority these gains represent transfers from employees through reduced wages or increased work intensity. Some of these transfer losses are passed on to central governments through increased tax evasion. In this paper, the social costs and benefits of reductions in public sector ...

modes of thought: abstract general-level dispositions, which indirectly guide specific behavioral intentions. Includes distinctive conceptual resources, cognitive styles, personality traits, and aspects of selfconcept. The key commonalties are that these modes of thought are reasonably consistent across the life-span and their influence reaches across multiple behavioral domains. Cultural norms...