Introduction: During intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique, theoretically, presence of flattening filter (FF) across the beamline of clinical linear accelerator (linac) is not essential to obtain uniform lateral profiles due to intensity modulation of photon beams by multileaf collimators (MLCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the dosimetrical propert...

Background: In radiotherapy, low-energy photon beams are better adapted to the treated volume, and the use of high-energy beams can reduce hot spots in the radiation therapy. Therefore, mixing low and high energies with different ratios can control the rate of hotspots, as well as the dose distribution of the target volume.Material and Methods: The percentage depth doses (PDDs) were calculated ...

Solid-Pseudopapillary Tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is considered to be a rare pancreatic tumor that occurs in young females. Most SPTs are considered to be benign. However, the natural course of history has not yet been clarified. We reported a case of 25-year-old women with a patent history of splenectomy for hemolytic anemia, who presented intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting of 6 months a...

background: because of the adverse effects of ionizing radiation on fetuses, prior to radiotherapy of pregnant patients, fetal dose should be estimated. fetal dose has been studied by several authors in different depths in phantoms with various abdomen thicknesses (at). in this study, the effect of maternal at and depth in fetal dosimetry was investigated, using peripheral dose (pd) distributio...

Introduction: In radiotherapy, treatment planning methods are evaluating and transforming every day, so precision in calculation and determination of dose delivery process is performing more important role in radiotherapy than past. In modern radiotherapy treatments, deramatically increase of small fields utilization, causes the polymeric gels has known as the most reliable dos...

Tuberculosis is a common infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of world's population is infected with tuberculosis, but only 10% of them will develop the clinical disease (1). Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) was first described as a distinct pathological entity in 1836 (2). At present, TBM is the fifth most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States (US) a...

background: calcineurin inhibitors (cni) have significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection. nephrotoxicity however may contribute to long-term allograft dysfunction. mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) may allow cyclosporine (csa) dose reduction without increasing the risk of rejection. methods: in seventy-eight living unrelated kidney transplant patients with renal dysfunction, we studied th...

Penyakit Virus Corona 19 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus corona baru-baru ini ditemukan. Saat COVID-19 menjadi fenomena permasalahan untuk kita semua namun hingga sekarang belum ada obat ditemukan ampuh dalam mengatasinya. Persoalan lain adalah pada proses pendeteksian orang terjangkit. Hasil Covid-19 menggunakan PCR Swap masih dianggap sangat lambat dan Rapid T...

In this paper, we propose an original method which permits a follow-up of intra-patient evolution of tumours in the liver by using a registration of the portal vascular system. First, several methods to segment the liver data structures (liver, vascular systems and tumours) on computed tomography scans are presented. Secondly, the skeleton of the vessels is computed and transformed into a graph...