We recently found neuregulin1 (NRG1) receptors are activated on microglia in the ventral horn of both ALS patients and SOD1 mice, suggesting a common pathological mechanism. However, it is not clear whether this signaling system also plays a role in patients with upper motor neuron (UMN) features, where patients show significant pathological changes in the corticospinal tracts (CSTs). Since the...

The corticospinal tract (CST) is generally classified into the crossed lateral CST and the uncrossed anterior CST. No diffusion tensor imaging study for identification of the anterior CST in the human brain has been conducted. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we attempted to identify the anterior CST and investigate the characteristics of the anterior CST in the normal human brain. We recruited ...

We investigated whether cutaneous stimulus threshold (CST), as determined using a Neurometer, could be used for quantitative and differential nerve evaluation of reversible and irreversible nerve block following intrathecal lidocaine administration in rats. Rats with intrathecal catheters were randomly assigned to one of five groups (saline or 2, 5, 10, or 20% lidocaine). Prior to and 4 days af...

Abstract In this article, we introduce a novel type of spatio-temporal sequential patterns called Constricted Spatio-Temporal Sequential (CSTS) and thoroughly analyze their properties. We demonstrate that the set CSTS is concise representation all can be discovered in given dataset. To measure significance adapt participation index measure. also provide CSTS-Miner : an algorithm discovers stron...

In November 2020, I spoke with Alan Blum, MD, scholar, collector, curator, exhibitor, activist, and director of the University Alabama Center for Study Tobacco Society (CSTS). He has been creating tobacco-themed exhibitions since 1980s—in brick-and-mortar as well digital settings—based on a prodigious collection tobacco-related artifacts. Before joining CSTS, founder Doctors Ought to Care, nati...

BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of integrating the blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data into radiation treatment planning for high-grade gliomas located near the primary motor cortexes (PMCs) and corticospinal tracts (CSTs). METHODS A total of 20 patients with high-grade ...

Virotherapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is one promising new strategy for canine cancer therapy. In this study we describe the establishment of an in vivo model of canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) using the new isolated cell line STSA-1 and the analysis of the virus-mediated oncolytic and immunological effects of two different Lister VACV LIVP1.1.1 and GLV-1h68 strains agains...

BACKGROUND The step test has been used to assess exercise capacity in patients with chronic respiratory disease; however, its use has not been described with regard to patients with bronchiectasis (BCT). OBJECTIVE This study assessed the reliability of the Chester step test (CST) and the modified incremental step test (MIST) and also correlated these tests with pulmonary function, heart rate ...

We study charged spin textures (CSTs) over the Moore–Read quantum Hall state at filling factor 5/2. We develop an algebraic framework and show that the pairing condition that is inherent in the Moore–Read state naturally leads to a class of CST, labeled by winding numbers [wI, wII]. The fundamental CSTs, with labels [1, 0] and electric charge e/4, is identified with the polar core vortex known ...

BACKGROUND We identified predominant vaginal microbiota communities, changes over time, and how this varied by HIV status and other factors in a cohort of 64 women. METHODS Bacterial DNA was extracted from reposited cervicovaginal lavage samples collected annually over an 8-10 year period from Chicago Women's Interagency HIV Study participants: 22 HIV-negative, 22 HIV-positive with stable inf...