OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of testing for and empirically treating herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in neonates with fever aged from birth to 28 days. DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis. SETTING Decision model. PATIENTS Neonates with fever with no other symptoms and neonates with fever with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis. INTERVEN...

During the 2001, 2002, and 2003 enterovirus seasons, we investigated the correlations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nucleated cell counts and elevated CSF protein levels and the detection of enteroviral RNA by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Our objective was to determine if pleocytosis and/or elevated protein levels were predictive of positive RT-PCR results for enterovirus. We were also i...

PURPOSE The widespread introduction of bacterial conjugate vaccines has decreased the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis due to bacterial meningitis (BM) in children. However, most patients with CSF pleocytosis are hospitalized and treated with parenteral antibiotics for several days. The bacterial meningitis score (BMS) is a validated multivariate model derived from a pediatric popu...

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of two assays, one bead-based assay and one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for the determination of CXCL13 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Patients investigated for LNB were retrospectively included (n = 132): 35 with definite LNB, 8 with possible LNB with CSF pleocytosis but normal...

BACKGROUND Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) can cause Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with neurological complications, which may rapidly progress to fulminant cardiorespiratory failure, and death. Early recognition of children at risk is the key to reduce acute mortality and morbidity. METHODS We examined data collected through a prospective clinical study of HFMD conducted between 2000 and ...

we describe the development of enterovirus meningoencephalitis associated with increased adenosine deaminase in cerebrospinal fluid of a 12-year-old boy, a known case of hypogamaglobulinemia despite monthly replacement of ivig. the patient was referred to our center with fever, headache and vomiting for 10 days. csf analysis was compatible with aseptic meningoencephalitis but high csf protein (...

Table 1. Comparison of CSF and serum analytes: • Only few cells (12/3 cells or 4cells per μl): lymphocytes, monocytes (mesenchymal) • CSF is formed by the choroids plexus: 500 ml per day, total volume is replaced 2-3 times per day 4.3 Morphological diagnosis of the CSF: How to interpret the cell picture? We do CSF cytology on a cytospun specimen stained according May Giemsa Grünwald. • Inflamma...

We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records of all cases of bacterial meningitis in neonates and young infants at our institution from 2004 to 2014. Fifty-six cases were identified. The most common causative organism was group B streptococcus, followed by Escherichia coli and then Listeria monocytogenes. Forty-four of the 56 patients in the study had abnormalities of the b...