نتایج جستجو برای: crowding out or crowdingin effects
تعداد نتایج: 5038630 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In today's Lancet, Lu and colleagues1 show that for every dollar of international health aid provided to governments, government health funding falls by US$0·43—1·14. Irrespective of whether this outcome is named fungibility or crowding out,2 mean estimates from many countries suggest a pattern. Without questioning the mean findings of today's study, we argue that explicit policy choices are be...
Government’s financial expenditures have an outstanding effect on the private sector’s investment and they are regarded as a powerful tool for the growth and economic stability policies. This article tries to study the effects of government’s financial expenditures (current and capital expenditures as well as budget deficit) on private investment in Iran on the basis of crowding out effect hypo...
if the precise implementation of the principle of proportion and:balance between the violation and the penalty as well as the other dimensions could be considered as a stick yard for the imptementation of justice any lack of preciseness in carrying out such principle would not indeed be much too far from injustice . naturally ,if it would be imagined that the objective of balance between...
the purpose of the present study is to find out whether bilinguals of khuzestan-arab origin or monolinguals of iranian origin code-switch during learning or speaking english and which group is more susceptible to code-switch. to this end, the students of 24 classes from high schools and pre- university centers were screened out, and interviewed and their voices and code-switchings were recorded...
Abstract In today’s multisector configurations, there is little clarity about whether and how public private subsidies influence social enterprises’ pursuit of financial stability. We address the strategic role donors in social-business life cycle whereby enterprise start-ups rely on subsidies, while mature enterprises strive for independence from donors. To “missing middle,” we develop a typol...
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