Social smiling is universally regarded as being an infant's first facial expression of pleasure. Underlying co-constructivist emotion theories are the assumptions that the emergence of social smiling is bound to experiences of face-to-face interactions with caregivers and the impact of two developmental mechanisms--maternal and infant imitation. We analyzed mother-infant interactions from two d...

Address behavior is governed by politeness phenomenon which is culturally bound. This paper attempts to draw a cross-cultural comparison between Chinese and English address forms and, going beneath the surface, explore the cultural differences in value systems and their underlying philosophical sources. The study will help people develop a fuller understanding of the meanings of the address ter...

Various researchers (i.e., Singelis, Triandis, Bhawuk, & Gelfand,1995; Triandis & Gelfand, 1998) have suggested that the cultural variables of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism correspond to Fiske’s (1991, 1992) relational models of collectivism, authority ranking, equality matching, and market pricing. In this study, we tested this claim in a cross-cultural comparison betw...

BACKGROUND Efforts to stem the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) are hampered by multiple interrelated factors including limited health services, extreme diversities in culture and language and highly prevalent gender inequity, domestic violence and poverty. In the rural district of Yangoru-Saussia, a revival of previously ceased male initiation ceremonies (...

. cross-cultural understanding dates back to the discovery of the third world, its peoples, and its religions. along this, the place of studying other peoples came in view. demography and orientalism were two disciplines which first aimed at studying other peoples regardless of their beliefs. after some thirty years, emphasis was laid on their beliefs, too. today after disproof of the anticipat...

In the last few years there has been a growing tendency on the part of some social sciences researchers to adopt a broad definition of diversity (including, for instance, not only cultural values, but also gender, age, socio-economic status, and sexual orientation) and to use this term as a synonym of “the other”, the non-ego. This fact has been particularly helpful both from an epistemological...

PAGE INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 95 The problem, p. 95; advantages of Arcella for genetic studies, p. 96; characters studied, p. 97; cultural methods, p. 97; fission in Arcella, p. gg parent and offspring, p. gg; counting generations, p. 100; preservation of specimens, p. IOI ; length of life and number of progeny, p. 101 ; computations, p. 102...

The worldwide interest in everyday culture, ways of living and doing things which underpin our sense of place is palpable. We have come to appreciate that there is an abundant culture out there with a rich array of meaning and significance. Nowhere is this more abundant than in Asia where outstanding examples of the continuous living/nourishing tradition of history are part of an intricate and ...