This systematic review elaborates the concepts and impacts of border malaria, particularly on the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance (MDR) malaria on Thailand-Myanmar and Thailand-Cambodia borders. Border malaria encompasses any complex epidemiological settings of forest-related and forest fringe-related malaria, both regularly occurring in c...

This paper examines whether restrictive data policies are related to trade in services. The authors have collected comparable information on a variety of policy measures that regulate for wide group countries the years 2006–2016. is compiled weighted index assesses restrictiveness these countries’ policies. They distinguish between regulating cross-border movement and domestic use data. Using e...

India shares the longest border with Bangladesh. The Indo-Bangladesh came into existence after India’s partition in 1947 which was finally called 1971. This is not carefully managed from its existence. Border management mainly started 1989. article discusses emergence of border. It describes measures taken by government for such as fencing, floodlighting, established outposts, roads, etc., and ...

Electronic piracy is considered one of the electronic crimes sweeping our world today, and it a crime material nature, which represented in every illegal act or behavior related to any destination way with computers computer networks, that causes victim suffer loss, perpetrator obtains able obtain Any gain. These often aim at stealing information devices, indirectly persons parties concerned in...

The introduction of ‘illegal’ migration in West African countries represented a major conceptual policy shift for societies that were historically characterized by intra-regional free movement. However, this transformation went along with severe allegations racialized profiling undocumented migrants many societies. De Genova’s concept the ‘border spectacle’ describes how presumed ‘illegality’ i...