In the view of current discussion on how to regulate emerging InsurTech companies, if at all, author attempts demonstrate that rather than automatically introducing new regulation, principle proportionality can, in most cases, help adapt application existing rules and policy approaches business models without incurring major regulatory changes. An example peer-to-peer platforms is used show spe...

Abstract A key difference among ABC rules is how they treat minorities of voters, i.e., small groups with preferences different from larger groups. Let us illustrate this issue the following simple example.

The election methods introduced in 1894–1895 by Phragmén and Thiele, and their somewhat later versions for ordered (ranked) ballots , are discussed in detail. The paper includes definitions and examples and discussion of whether the methods satisfy some properties, including monotonicity, consistency and various proportionality criteria. The relation with STV is also discussed. The paper also c...

We consider the problem of fairly dividing a two dimensional heterogeneous good among multiple players. Applications include division of land as well as ad space in print and electronic media. Classical cake cutting protocols primarily consider a one-dimensional resource, or allocate each player multiple infinitesimally small “pieces”. In practice, however, the two dimensional shape of the allo...

This qualitative, action research methodology study aims at the construction of a teaching unit for development learning processes, analyzing trajectories students around geometric proportionality in topics related to similarity, homothecy, and Thales’ theorem. The didactic was designed under principles phases van Hiele’s (1986) model, mathematical visualization, use GeoGebra software. Among re...

Design to Criteria scheduling is the process of custom tailoring a way to achieve a high level task via actions described in a T MS model of the task to t a particular client s quality cost and duration criteria or needs At the heart of the Design to Criteria paradigm is the ability to determine how well a particular schedule or schedule abstraction ts a set of design criteria The process of me...

Abstract According to the so-called ‘proportionality principle’, causes should be proportional their effects: they both enough and not too much for occurrence of effects. This principle is subject an ongoing debate. On one hand, many maintain that it required address problem causal exclusion take capture a crucial aspect causation. other object renders accounts causation implausibly restrictive...

Biaxial tension/compression–torsion fatigue tests with varying levels of non-proportionality were performed employing a structural adhesive designed for wind turbine rotor blades. The cycles to failure found be independent the level non-proportionality. It is demonstrated that numerical life predictions via rainflow-counted equivalent stress histories are not able replicate these experimental o...