the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short term creatine monohydrate supplementation on baseline homocysteine concentrations and following an exhaustive exercise in active men. twelve male students who were members of soccer team of mazandaran university (age: 21.83±2.20 years, bmi: 13.53±58 kg/m2, homocysteine: 13.53±58 ?mol/lit) volunteered to participate in this study. ...

Background: Alzheimer disease is the main cause of dementia in middle-aged and elderly people. Considering the improving effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance, this study aimed to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on learning, memory, and apoptosis in an experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats each weighing 250±50...

Creatine kinase isoenzymes from Torpedo californica electric organ, skeletal muscle, and brain were purified and characterized. Torpedo electric organ and skeletal muscle creatine kinase have identical apparent Mr, electrophoretic mobility, and cyanogen bromide fragments. The electrophoretic mobility of the Torpedo creatine kinase was anodal as compared to mammalian MM creatine kinase. No creat...

Apart of its well known function of “energetic buffer” through the creatine / phosphocreatine / creatine kinase system allowing the regeneration of ATP, creatine has been recently suggested as a potential neuromodulator of even true neurotransmitter. Moreover, the recent discovery of primary creatine deficiency syndromes, due to deficiencies in AGAT or GAMT (the two enzymes allowing creatine sy...

Mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation was measured in the presence of creatine or creatine phosphate to test the proposed functional couple between the nucleotide translocase and creatine kinase. Rat heart mitochondria were preloaded with the corresponding nucleotide which reacts with creatine kinase only after it is transported across the mitochondrial membrane; namely, radioactive AT...

Since creatinine excretion reflects a continuous loss of creatine and creatine phosphate, there is a need for creatine replacement, from the diet and/or by de novo synthesis. Creatine synthesis requires three amino acids, methionine, glycine, and arginine, and two enzymes, l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT), which produces guanidinoacetate acid (GAA), and guanidinoacetate methyltransf...

An effective and reliable method for the quantitative estimation of creatine kinase-MB, creatine kinase-MM variants and mitochondrial forms of creatine kinase in serum is presented. The high resolving power of isoelectric focusing allows the use of tetrazolium salts and meldola blue for the quantitative measurement without interfering non-specific reduction. The addition of thiol compounds to t...