Craniofacial tissue engineering promises the regeneration or de novo formation of dental, oral, and craniofacial structures lost to congenital anomalies, trauma, and diseases. Virtually all craniofacial structures are derivatives of mesenchymal cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are the offspring of mesenchymal cells following asymmetrical division, and reside in various craniofacial structures in t...

Correlations between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology were investigated in 47 children at the ages of 6-15 years (average, 9.9 years). Apart from history and clinical examination, nasal endoscopy, rhinomanometry and measurements of cephalometric radiographs were included in the analysis. After separating the patients into a "normal face" group and a "long face" group by measuring the ...

Adult craniofacial morphology results from complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Trisomy causes perturbations in the genetic programmes that control development and these are reflected in morphology that can either ameliorate or worsen with time and growth. Many of the specific changes that occur in Down syndrome can be studied in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse, w...

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is due to craniofacial changes and acromegaly. The question addressed by this study was whether growth hormone (GH) induced craniofacial changes might explain persisting OSA despite endocrine inactivity in acromegaly. Nineteen patients treated for acromegaly were examined cephalometrically for craniofacial changes and polysomnographically for OSA. Twelve patients ...

The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between overbite and craniofacial growth pattern. The sample comprised eighty-six cephalograms obtained during the orthodontic pretreatment phase and analyzed using the Radiocef program to identify the craniofacial landmarks and perform orthodontic measurements. The variables utilized were overbite, the Jarabak percentage and the Ve...

Sutures, where neighboring craniofacial bones are separated by undifferentiated mesenchyme, are major growth sites during craniofacial development. Pathologic fusion of bones within sutures occurs in a wide variety of craniosynostosis conditions and can result in dysmorphic craniofacial growth and secondary neurologic deficits. Our knowledge of the genes involved in suture formation is poor. He...

Craniofacial development consists of a highly complex sequence of the orchestrated growth and fusion of facial processes. It is also known that craniofacial abnormalities can be detected in 1/3 of all patients with congenital diseases. Within the various craniofacial abnormalities, orofacial clefting is one of the most common phenotypic outcomes associated with retarded facial growth or fusion....

Abnormal orofacial functions in the period of growth and development can cause morphological anomalies of the craniofacial complex. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between open mouth posture and morphology of craniofacial complex. The shape, size and relationships of skeletal parts of craniofacial complex were determined by analysis of lateral cephalograms in the sample o...

Craniofacial microsomia is a broad term that covers a variety of craniofacial malformation conditions that are caused by alterations in the derivatives of the first and second pharyngeal arches. In general terms, diverse therapeutic alternatives are proposed according to the growth stage and the severity of the alteration. When craniofacial growth has concluded, conventional orthognathic surger...

PURPOSE The sequence of observations presented is intended to alert the dental profession to complications that may occur when teeth and implants co-exist and subtle adult craniofacial growth occurs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors' observations of partially edentulous implant restorations with more than 20 years of follow-up included some observed changes relative to patients' remaining te...