The need for global-scale cyber physical system (CPS) is increasing with the evolution of CPS research. A global-scale CPS requires additional considerations beyond the well-known CPS requirements, such as security, reliability, and timely delivery, which cannot be easily satisfied when a CPS becomes global scale. Building an entire dedicated network for a global-scale CPS cannot be a solution,...

Interactive mediation between the information world and the physical world is a key domain for innovation and a major challenge to building Cyber-physical systems. New approaches to how we interact with the worlds of information and cyber-observable reality whether it be global environment observatories, scientific experimentation, visualization, education, tourism, or entertainment require a c...

Capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are a major virulence factor in meningococcal infections and form the basis for serogroup designation and protective vaccines. Our work has identified meningococcal CPS as a pro-inflammatory ligand that functions through TLR2 and TLR4-MD2-dependent activation. We hypothesized that human cationic host defense peptides interact with CPS and influence its biologic ac...

It has been challenging for the technical and regulatory communities to formulate requirements for trustworthiness of the cyber-physical systems (CPS) due to the complexity of the issues associated with their design, deployment, and operations. The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), through a public working group, has released a CPS Framework that adopts a broad and integ...

the role of vi-capsular polysaccharide (vi-cps) in human immunity against infection caused by salmonella typhi is well known. the downstream process of purification generally causes depolymerization of vi-cps to a nonimmunogenic low molecular weight form. in the present study, a standard strain of sal. typhi ty6s was grown under submerge cultural conditions in a pilot-plant scale of 90 liter fe...