The multibillion-dollar online advertising industry continues to debate whether to use the CPC (cost per click) or CPA (cost per action) model as an industry standard. This article applies the economic framework of incentive contracts to study the trade-o s of these pricing models. In some conditions, the CPA model leads to higher publisher (or advertiser) payo s than the CPC model. Whether pub...

A mouse model combining liver-specific deletion with global suppression of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase gene (Cpr) has been developed and characterized. These mice (designated "Cpr-low and liver-Cpr-null" or CL-LCN) retain the respective phenotypes of the previously reported Cpr-low (CL) and liver-Cpr-null (LCN) mouse strains, but hepatic deletion of the Cpr gene occurs at an earlier age...

In the paper we formulate an axiom CPA prism, which is the most prominent version of the Covering Property Axiom CPA, and discuss several of its implications. In particular, we show that it implies that the following cardinal characteristics of continuum are equal to ω1, while c = ω2: the independence number i, the reaping number r, the almost disjoint number a, and the ultrafilter base number ...

The potential gained from “tapping” the knowledge of domain experts in war-gaming and decision-modeling has yet to be fully realized in the Intelligence Community. While there may be a number of reasons for this, perhaps chief among them is the cost of involving human experts, and the belief that intelligence based on expert opinion is poor quality and unreliable. To this end, we are working on...

We examined the antitumor efficacy of the capecitabine (CAPE) plus cyclophosphamide (CPA) combination as a 2-line therapy after paclitaxel (PTX) plus bevacizumab (BEV) treatment in a xenograft model of human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line, MX-1. After tumor growth was confirmed, PTX (20 mg/kg; i.v.) + BEV (5 mg/kg; i.p.) treatment was started (Day 1). Each agent was administered...

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) complicates asthma and may lead to chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) yet global burdens of each have never been estimated. Antifungal therapy has a place in the management of ABPA and is the cornerstone of treatment in CPA, reducing morbidity and probably mortality. We used the country-specific prevalence of asthma from the Global Initiative fo...

A novel data-driven control performance assessment (CPA) method is proposed for batch processes controlled by iterative learning control (ILC) based on two-dimensional linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) benchmark. Previous studies on CPA for ILC are based on an assumption that the model of the controlled batch process is known, whereas this study proposes a model-free CPA method. Based on the two-...

background: gallic acid (ga) is an endogenous plant phenol known to have antioxidant, free radical scavenging ability, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑cancer, and anti‑fungal properties. the aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of ga on cyclophosphamide (cpa)‑induced hepatotoxicity in male wistar rats. methods: sixty rats were grouped into six groups of 10 rats per group. group 1 recei...

Aspergillus oryzae strains are used extensively in the food industry. Some of these strains excrete alpha-cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a mycotoxin which may provoke toxicoses in rats. Physicochemical methods may reveal the presence of this toxin, but they are inadequate to screen CPA-nonproducing (CPA-) strains. CPA production is revealed by either bacterial growth inhibition or alkalinization of ...