In this paper, the authors examine how different types of fraud in most Information Technology (IT) environments affect an audit risk model from 2001 through 2008. Variations in IT fraud are questionable for determining the audit risks that affect audit quality and report. The data sources in this study came from the Computer Crime and Security Survey report (CSI) 2008. By relating different IT...

I test the market discipline of bank risk hypothesis by examining whether banks choose risk management policies that account for the risk preferences of subordinated debt holders. Using around 500,000 quarterly observations on the population of U.S. insured commercial banks over the 1995–2009 period, I document that the ratio of subordinated debt affects bank risk management decisions consisten...

Country risk has become a topic of major concern for the international financial community over the last two decades. The importance of country ratings is underscored by the existence of several major country risk rating agencies, namely the Economist Intelligence Unit, Euromoney, Institutional Investor, International Country Risk Guide, Moody’s, Political Risk Services, and Standard and Poor’s...

Participation by multiple actors has been emphasized in managing state forests to meet various demands on forests within a global society. Public participation was also suggested as an approach to sustainable forest management. This paper aims to investigate the legal opportunities of public participation in managing state forests in the case of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Relevant legal and p...

An agent chooses among projects with random outcomes. His payoff is increasing in the outcome and in an observer’s expectation of the outcome. With some probability, the agent will be able to disclose some information about the true outcome to the observer. We show that choice is inefficient in general. We illustrate this point with a characterization of the inefficiencies that result when the ...

Article history: Received 24 January 2011 Received in revised form 3 August 2011 Accepted 3 August 2011 Available online 10 August 2011 This paper analyzes tax competition for foreign direct investment with country risk using a two-country model with different market sizes. We show that the trade-off between country size as a locational advantage and country risk as a locational disadvantage af...

This paper explores the concept of enterprise resiliency in Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for development initiatives. ICT are necessary to improve access to vital services and to ultimately support efforts to improve economic conditions in developing regions. Access to information resources provides substantial benefits in the public and private sectors of regions with low ...

The negative consequences of information overload are well understood across a range of disciplines even though the causative factors that contribute to it have not been coherently researched. We apply the concept of ‘aversion to loss’ from prospect theory and explore its effects in the context of information processing for decision making. A controlled laboratory experiment was performed to te...