in this study. optimum allocation of heat transfer inventory for heat exchangers in a refrigeration system with specified power input or cooling capacity. and for a heat pump with specified heating capacity is investigated. the ratio of hot- to cold-end conductance unit cost ratio. g.was considered in the analysis as an additional variable of considerable importance to the designer summarized e...

The ratio of males to females in a population is a meaningful characteristic of sexual species. The reason for this biological property to be available to the observers of nature seems to be a question never asked. Introducing the notion of historically adapted populations as global minimizers of maintenance cost functions, we propose a theoretical explanation for the reported stability of this...

The problem of finding a minimal cost-reliability ratio path is considered. The optimal solution to this problem is shown to map into an extreme supported non-dominated objective point in the objective space of the biobjective shortest path problem. Different forms of reliability are presented. We assume that this reliability does not change over time. We employ a parametric network simplex alg...

In case of construction investments, the cost estimation was always important. The reason for this is that after planning, most important issue investment. There are many different methods. These estimates may vary in depth, depending on task and plan. question what happens if we wanted to predict not only total investment but also some parts structures. Such a element formwork monolithic reinf...

field experiment was conducted to determine the economic threshold for spraying of flubendiamide against the brinjal shoot and fruit borer. flubendiamide was applied based on 10 thresholds including 2% shoot infestation, 5% shoot infestation, first fruit set + 2% fruit infestation, first fruit set + 5% fruit infestation, 2% fruit infestation, 5% fruit infestation, 2% shoot + 2% fruit infestatio...

background: it is estimated that major depression disorders constitute 8.2% of years lived with disability (ylds) globally. the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rtms) and electroconvulsive therapy (ect) are two relative common interventions to treat major depressive disorders, especially for treatment resistant depression. in this study the cost- effectiveness and cost-utility of r...

of ischemic stroke moderate and severe degrees of severity using a drug cerebrolysin compared with standard therapy, cost-effectiveness ratios (CER) were obtained 419656 RUB (6920 EUR) and 563183 RUB (9287 EUR), respectively. ConClusions: The standard therapy in combination with drug cerebrolysin has a lower CER compared with standard therapy, therefore, it is a dominant technology from the per...