Introduction: In this study we compared transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicited motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in a postural (bilateral low back extension: BLBE) and a respiratory (forced expiration during breath holding: FEBH) task.Methods: Using TMS of the left motor cortex, simultaneous patterns of corticospinal facilitation of the contralateral erector spinae (ES) and rectus abdomi...

The responses of individual primate corticospinal neurons to localized electrical stimulation of primary motor (M1) and of ventral premotor cortex (area F5) are poorly documented. To rectify this and to study interactions between responses from these areas, we recorded corticospinal axons, identified by pyramidal tract stimulation, in the cervical spinal cord of three chloralose-anesthetized ma...

Reduced corticospinal excitability at rest is associated with post-stroke fatigue (PSF). However, it not known if prior to a movement also altered in which may then influence subsequent behaviour. We hypothesized that the levels of PSF can be explained by differences modulation during preparation. 73 stroke survivors performed an auditory reaction time task. Corticospinal was measured using tra...

The present twin study investigates heritability of motor cortex excitability, measured by the paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation technique. Specifically, intracortical facilitation (ICF) and inhibition (ICI) and corticospinal excitability were tested in monozygotic (MZ), dizygotic (DZ), and unrelated pairs (UP). Robust ICF and ICI effects were found, with a higher similarity of MZ ...

30 The responses of individual primate corticospinal neurons to localized electrical stimulation 31 of primary motor (M1) and of ventral premotor cortex (area F5) are poorly documented. To 32 rectify this and to study interactions between responses from these areas, we recorded 33 corticospinal axons, identified by pyramidal tract stimulation, in the cervical spinal cord of 34 three chloralose-...

Changes in corticospinal excitability have been well documented the preparatory period before movement, however, their mechanisms and physiological role not entirely elucidated. We aimed to investigate functional changes of excitatory circuits during a reaction time (RT) motor task (thumb abduction) healthy subjects (HS). 26 HS received single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over ...

Previous studies indicate that the motor areas of both hemispheres are active when observing actions. Here we explored how the motor areas of each hemisphere respond to the sounds associated with actions. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure motor corticospinal excitability of hand muscles while listening to sounds. Sounds associated with bimanual actions produced greater ...

BACKGROUND In spinal paired associative stimulation (PAS), orthodromic volleys are induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in upper motor neurons, and antidromic volleys by peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) in lower motor neurons of human corticospinal tract. The volleys arriving synchronously to the corticomotoneuronal synapses induce spike time-dependent plasticity in the spinal c...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the plastic changes induced in human motor cortex by afferent stimulation depend on stimulus frequency. METHODS Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to examine changes in corticospinal excitability in 20 subjects before and after combined peripheral (motor point) and central stimulation. Peripheral stimuli were given as either low frequency (3 Hz) or high ...