Motivation and attention can have a profound influence on perception, learning and memory. Neuromodulatory systems, especially the noradrenergic (NE) system, co-vary with psychological states to modulate cortical arousal, influence sensory processing and promote synaptic plasticity. There is even some suggestion that the NE system might facilitate functional recovery after brain damage. Post-sy...

this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of soy milk on serum 17- β estradiol level and number of neurons in cerebral cortex and hippocampus as well as determination of the ratio of neurons in cortical and hippocampal regions in neonatal ovariectomized rats. thirty female rats (one day old) were divided into six groups of five. at day 7, ovariectomy surgery was performed in four groups a...

introduction: dna damage, as an important initiator of neuronal cell death, has been implicated in numerous neurodegenerative conditions. previously we have delineated several pathways that control embryonic cortical neuronal cell death evoked by the dna-damaging agent, camptothecin. the camptothecin, topoisomerase ι inhibitor, has been shown to induce cortical neuronal cell death in a reproduc...

The cover image is based on the Original Article Muscleblind-Like 2 knockout shifts adducin 1 isoform expression and alters dendritic spine dynamics of cortical neurons during brain development by Chia-Wei Huang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/nan.12890.

Synaptic plasticity allows cortical circuits to learn new tasks and adapt changing environments. How do use acquire functions such as decision-making or working memory? Neurons are connected in complex ways, forming recurrent neural networks, learning modifies the strength of their connections. Moreover, neurons communicate emitting brief discrete electric signals. Here we describe how train ne...

the present study aims to investigate the effect of noscapine (0.5-2.5 µm), an alkaloid from the opium poppy, on primary murine fetal cortical neurons exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation (ogd), an in vitro model of ischemia. cells were transferred to glucose-free dmem (dulbecco's modified eagle medium) and were exposed to hypoxia in a small anaerobic chamber. cell viability and nitric ox...

Stimulus information and cognitive states of an animal are represented by correlated population activity neurons. The maximum entropy method provides a principled way to describe the using much less parameters than number possible patterns. This successfully explained stationary spiking neural populations such as in vitro retinal ganglion cells. Modeling cortical circuitries vivo, however, has ...