Currently, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) has supported formal validation studies on in vitro tests for predicting skin irritancy and corrosivity, which included three of the in vitro tests employed human skin models, EPISKINTM and EpiDermTM. When skin models are used to evaluate skin irritancy and corrosivity, it is important that suitable chemical applic...

The ECVAM validation concept, which was defined at two validation workshops held in Amden (Switzerland) in 1990 and 1994, and which takes into account the essential elements of prevalidation and biostatistically defined prediction models, has been officially accepted by European Union (EU) Member States and by the Federal regulatory agencies of the USA and the OECD. The ECVAM validation concept...

Corrosion is a leading material degradation mode observed in many military systems. This report contains a description of a small project that was performed to allow some of the important electrochemical aspects of two distinct and potentially relevant degradation modes to be better understood: environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) of aluminum alloys and corrosion in moist salt. Two specific ...

Corrosive substances are defined as chemicals causing visible destruction or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact (29 CFR 1917.28). Dermal corrosivity testing is conducted to identify chemicals that potentially pose this hazard to humans. U.S. Federal regulations and guidelines include test methods for assessing dermal corrosivity. Testing data is ...

Molecular distillation technology has been adopted to obtain a bio-oil fraction rich in carboxylic acids and ketones. This unique bio-oil fraction was then upgraded with a La-promoted solid acid catalyst. Three washing pretreatments were used to prepare catalysts A, B, and C, with the intention of reducing the amounts of residual sulfuric acid. Model reactions were used to estimate their cataly...

Abstract The objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate a new acid combination HEDP: CH 3 COOH as retarded minimize some limitations high-temperature sandstone acidizing, such fast acid-rock reaction and secondary precipitation pipeline corrosion. In work, the acid–base titration, core-powder solubility test, scale deposition corrosion rate measurement corefloods were carried out per...