phalomyelitis Epizootica which had occurred in North China during the year 1940 . Pathologically, it was similar to the epizootic as seen in Japan from 1935 to 1938 , in which we found the intranuclear inclusion bodies , the so called •gJoest-Degen's Corpuscle•h, in the. nuclei of the ganglion cells and also cytoplasmic inclusion bodies , the so called •g Ichii's Corpuscle•h, in the protoplasma...

Background Hippocampus (HIP) was an important limbic structure, and concurrent emotion disorders may occur in medication-overuse headache patients. The aim of this study is to investigate altered HIP and HIP subfields volume in relation with the anxiety in medication-overuse headache patients using a state-of-the-art hippocampal segment method. Results The current study presented that a signifi...

Neurons of layers II and III of the entorhinal cortex constitute the major afferent connection of the hippocampus. The molecular mechanisms that target the entorhinal axons to specific layers in the hippocampus are not known. EphA5, a member of the Eph receptor family, which has been shown to play critical roles in axon guidance, is expressed in the entorhinal cortex, the origin of the perforan...

We investigated human hippocampal functional connectivity in wakefulness and throughout non-rapid eye movement sleep. Young healthy subjects underwent simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements at 1.5 T under resting conditions in the descent to deep sleep. Continuous 5 min epochs representing a unique sleep stage (i.e., wakefulness, sleep stages 1 and 2, or ...

Anomalous hippocampal inhibition is involved in temporal lobe epilepsy, and reduced gephyrin immunoreactivity in the temporal lobe epilepsy hippocampus has been reported recently. However, the mechanisms responsible for curtailing postsynaptic gephyrin scaffolds are poorly understood. Here, we have investigated gephyrin expression in the hippocampus of patients with intractable temporal lobe ep...

INTRODUCTION Molecular imaging and selective hippocampal subfield atrophy are a focus of recent Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Here, we investigated correlations between molecular imaging and hippocampal subfields in early AD. METHODS We investigated 18 patients with early AD and 18 healthy control subjects using 11C-Pittsburgh compound-B (PIB) positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-T...

Aging is associated with cognitive decline in both humans and animals and of all brain regions, the hippocampus appears to be particularly vulnerable to senescence. Age-related spatial learning deficits result from alterations in hippocampal connectivity and plasticity. These changes are differentially expressed in each of the hippocampal fields known as cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), cornu ammonis 3 (...

The adult mammalian hippocampus harbors neural precursor cells capable of generating glial and neuronal cells. Their existence was demonstrated in both non-primate mammals and primates including humans, and recently has attracted a significant scientific interest focused on the precursor cell potential to replace lost brain cells. Proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal progenitors are...

The main hallmarks of human hippocampal sclerosis are neuronal loss and gliosis; reductions in microvasculature labeling in the cornu Ammonis 1 in this condition have been detected using alkaline phosphatase histochemistry. To determine whether the reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity is coupled with a loss of blood vessels,we examined the volume fraction occupied by blood vessels in tolu...