Studies were made on the number of egg clutch, copulating pairs, duration of mating, duration of egg laying, and weight of egg clutch of Pila globosa by inducing it with Pituitary Gland (PG) and Optic Tentacle cut (OT) under laboratory condition. The effect of inducing the animal with PG and OT cut showed that it resulted in an increase in the number of egg clutch in comparison with that of the...

Hypotheses: Individuals in good condition are better able to invest in costly traits associated with sexual selection and sexual conflict than individuals in poor condition. Sexual selection favours males with male genitalia that are appropriate for stimulating any encountered female (‘one size fits all’ hypothesis) and thus the allometric slopes of genitalia should be equal to 0. Organism: The...

this article studies sir walter scott’s use of the family-as-nation trope in ivanhoe and anne of geierstein. the importance of this trope in his figuration of nationhood is discerned by carrying out a close reading of the texts and placing them in their historical context, which primarily consists of a comparison with edmund burke and maria edgeworth. consequently, his position is revealed as b...

We tested the hypothesis that intrademic sexual selection has caused sexual isolation between populations of geographically isolated populations of cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis, and was mediated by epicuticular hydrocarbons (EHCs), contact pheromones in this system. Sexual selection and sexual isolation were estimated using a Baja California and mainland population by comparing the number ...

Copula duration (t) decreases, and proportional rate of sperm transfer (c) increases, with larger male body size in dung flies, so their dimensionless product (c. t) is approximately constant (approximately 2.2). The most recent copulating male fertilizes about 89% of the eggs laid (= 1 - e(-c.t) = 1 - e(-2.2)), independent of his body size. The conditions under which natural selection favors t...

In this paper we propose a simple fast-search VQ of the LSF’s to be used on top of the split VQ, that is, in each of the sub-vector domains. The main trait of the proposed method is that no suboptimal codebooks are used and there is no further reduction in performance. In each sub-vector domain, a full-size optimally trained codebook, typically of size 1024, is searched using a fastsearch algor...

Overlapping recombinant clones that encompass the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and II genes have been isolated from a human genomic DNA library. Each gene is present once per haploid genome; the IGF-I gene spans greater than 35 kilobase pairs (kbp) and the IGF-II gene is at least 15 kbp. The exon-intron organization of these genes is similar, each having four exons, which is one more than...