Metal Nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention because of their excellent electronic and optical properties. They have been used in many fields, such as displays, solar cells, touchscreens, sensors, and electromagnetic interference shielding [1]. However, for most of these applications, metal Nanoparticles with high electrical conductance are required. Compared with various other met...

1. For 79 % of the radiopharmaceuticals, the new calculations gave a lower effective dose per unit administered activity than earlier estimated.” Should be “For 63 % of the radiopharmaceuticals, the new calculations gave a lower effective dose per unit administered activity than earlier estimated.” 2. “As a mean for all radiopharmaceuticals, the effective dose was 25 % lower.” Should be“As a me...

99mTc radiopharmaceuticals play an important role in widespread applications of nuclear medicine. When 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals first came into use, major efforts were directed toward the development of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for bone imaging and for the excretory functions of the liver and kidneys. In the past 20 years, a significant advance has been made in technetium chemistry, which p...

Copper, a cofactor for many enzymes, is bioelement that involved in main biochemical processes; although high levels of copper promote the proliferation cancer cells. Further development radiopharmaceuticals based on radioisotopes depend understanding and taking advantage its pathways oncogenesis. As with other radiometals used molecular imaging and/or targeted therapy, biological vectors are e...

Radiopharmaceuticals are an integral component of nuclear medicine and are widely applied in diagnostics and therapy. Though widely applied, the development of an "ideal" radiopharmaceutical can be challenging. Issues such as specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and feasible chemistry challenge the design and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. Over time, strategies to address the issues have ...

T he manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals is dependent on skilled personnel who are cross-trained in several disciplines, and currently too few people have the necessary training. To fill this educational gap, SNMMI is spearheading the development of a Quality Systems Personnel Training Program to cross-train chemists and pharmacists—providing the theoretical knowledge and practical experience n...

Radiopharmaceuticals are the major and essential component in nuclear medicine and are the most prominent aspect of peaceful applications of nuclear sciences in human being’s daily life. These radioactive materials are formulated in appropriate forms for administration to human being for the diagnosis and the therapy of human diseases. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals are the majorly applied rad...

a radiopharmaceutical is a radioactive compound used for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. radiopharmaceuticals are among the most highly regulated materials administered to patients because they are controlled both as drugs and as radioactive substances. the use of radiopharmaceuticals for any purpose is governed by regulatory agencies in different countries all over the world. ap...