today, with the increasing trend countries towards globalization, regionalism is also considered and regional organizations have been formed in many parts of the world geopolitical.. one of the manifestations of regionalism are regional organizations that in the second half of the twentieth century as a means to achieve regional integration in geographic areas with different functions in the ec...

this article reviews past developments of the shanghai cooperation organization (sco) and studies its potentialities in the areas of economy, trade, investment, energy and military power. a study conducted on statistical information of the sco state members shows that the organisation has the capacity to be turned into one of the biggest international hubs in the fields of economy, trade, forei...

BACKGROUND Global healthcare innovation networks nowadays have expanded beyond developed countries with many developing countries joining the force and becoming important players. China, in particular, has seen a significant increase in the number of innovative firms and research organizations stepping up to the global network in recent years. Nevertheless, the intense Research and Development ...

The ‘managed-metabolism’ hypothesis suggests that a ‘cooperation barrier’ must be overcome if self-producing chemical organizations are to undergo the transition from non-life to life. This dynamical barrier prevents un-managed, selforganizing, autocatalytic networks of molecular species from individuating into complex, cooperative organizations. The barrier arises because molecular species tha...