In this paper, the Pseudo shock structure in a convergent–long divergent duct is investigated using large eddy simulation on basis of Smagorinsky–Lilly,​ Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity and Algebraic Wall-Modeled LES subgrid models. The first objective study to apply different models predict Lambda form shocks system, while ultimate aim obtain further control behavior. To achieve these goals...

We study experimentally the flow of a foam confined as a bubble monolayer between two plates through a convergent channel. We quantify the velocity, the distribution and orientation of plastic events, and the elastic stress, using image analysis. We use two different soap solutions: a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution, with a negligible wall friction between the bubbles and the confining pl...

A ferroelectric material’s permittivity is dependent on the extrinsic contribution of domain wall displacement during the application of an external field, which can involve the motion of both 90° and 180° domain walls. Directly quantifying non-180° domain structures through diffraction based techniques is generally straightforward; as the diffraction condition will be different from one side o...

We argue that energy minimization can explain the pattern of cell movements in the morphogenetic process known as convergent extension provided that the cell-cell adhesive energy has a certain type of anisotropy, which we describe. This single simple property suffices to cause the cell elongation, cell alignment, and lengthening of a cellular array that characterize convergent extension. We sho...

During development, vertebrate embryos undergo dramatic changes in shape. The lengthening and narrowing of a field of cells, termed convergent extension, contributes to a variety of morphogenetic processes. Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process.

Wnt genes play important roles in regulating patterning and morphogenesis during vertebrate gastrulation. In zebrafish, slb/wnt11 is required for convergence and extension movements, but not cell fate specification during gastrulation. To determine if other Wnt genes functionally interact with slb/wnt11, we analysed the role of ppt/wnt5 during zebrafish gastrulation. ppt/wnt5 is maternally prov...

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone treatment for management of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, patients with persistent AF often require additional ablation strategies to improve clinical outcomes and freedom from AF. The CONVERGENT procedure which combined epicardial endocardial approach ablation, offers improved efficacy in who have longstanding refractory prior ablation. We...

Suppression of seed shattering was a key step during crop domestication that we have previously suggested to be convergent among independent cereal lineages. Positional, association, expression, and mutant complementation data all implicate a WRKY transcription factor, SpWRKY, in conferring shattering to a wild sorghum relative, Sorghum propinquum. We hypothesize that SpWRKY functions in a mann...