Legionella pneumophila is known to proliferate in hot water plumbing systems, but little is known about the specific physicochemical factors that contribute to its regrowth. Here, L. pneumophila trends were examined in controlled, replicated pilot-scale hot water systems with continuous recirculation lines subject to two water heater settings (40 °C and 58 °C) and three distal tap water use fre...

While shape memory alloys (SMAs) have many actuation benefits, their frequencies are commonly restricted by slow cooling times caused by limitations in convective heat transfer. To increase the cooling speed and at the same time reduce excess power consumption from overheating, it is critical to understand the heat transfer from SMA wires. This requires accurate surface temperature measurement ...

Based on the Solar Standard Model SSM we developed a solar model in hydrostatic equilibrium using two polytropes that describes both the radiative and convective zones of the solar interior. Then we apply small periodic and adiabatic perturbations on this bipolytropic model in order to obtain proper frequencies and proper functions. The frequencies obtained are in the p-modes range of low order...

We present the results of solar model computation done with the latest Livermore opacities. Models without diffusion, with hydrogen diffusion only and with hydrogen and heavy elements diffusion are considered. The influence of mixing below the convective envelope induced by rotation and angular momentum losses is also discussed. The sound speed of our best model, does not deviate from that of B...

The oscillation spectra of solar-type stars may in the not-too-distant future be used to constrain certain properties of the stars. The CD diagram of large versus small frequency separations is one of the powerful tools available to infer the properties – including perhaps masses and ages – of stars which display a detectable spectrum of oscillation. Also, the border of a convective region in a...

Velocity measurements are presented for a vertically shaken granular layer. For frequencies around 110 Hz and accelerations larger than gravity, the layer develops a convective motion in the form of one or more rolls. The velocity of the grains near the wall has been measured. It grows linearly with the acceleration, then the growth rate slows down. A rescaling with the amplitude of the wall ve...

We present numerical simulations of penetrative convection and gravity wave excitation in the Sun. Gravity waves are self-consistently generated by a convective zone overlying a radiative interior. We produce power spectra for gravity waves in the radiative region as well as estimates for the energy flux of gravity waves below the convection zone. We calculate a peak energy flux in waves below ...

Narrow band slices have been taken of the radio emission spectrum from convective clouds in the frequency range from 30 mc./sec. to 550 mc./sec. and a t 7.5 kc./sec. to monitor long and short range lightning discharges. Despite the careful choice of the bands to avoid interference from manmade sources, a major problem is the identification of spurious noise. I n spite of these interferences, ra...

We present a method for studying penetrative convection within the anelastic approximation. This method is then applied to two-dimensional numerical simulations of a convective region bounded below by a stable (radiative) region. Descending plumes penetrate into the stable layer, exciting gravity waves with a spectrum of frequencies limited by the ‘‘Brunt-Väisäla’’ frequency. The depth of penet...