We examined the anatomical height and shape of the conus medullaris in 602 cases using magnetic resonance imaging. The peak of the distribution of the conus height was at the middle one-third of L1. The comparison of the conus level had no significant relationships with age or sex, but the juvenile group had more a caudal distribution of the conus level. The shape of the conus medullaris was cl...

To date, only a few reports described the potential factors influencing the position of conus medullaris. One previous study revealed no significant change of conus locations in patients with idiopathic scoliosis; however, the effect of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related thoracolumbar kyphosis on conus position remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the variation of conus medul...

There are few reports of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes of conus branch occlusion. A conus branch artery supply to the outflow tract of right ventricle. A conus branch artery is considered as the substrate of Brugada syndrome. We report a case of conus branch occlusion during angioplasty with ST segment elevation in V1-3 like Brugada syndrome ECG. We need to bear in mind that this ECG change m...

1. The anuran conus arteriosus was studied by direct observation of its structure and function and by observing the effects of artificially induced contraction on the pressure pulse in the arterial arches. 2. The beat of the anuran conus was found to close the outlet to the pulmocutaneous arches. The timing of the beat of the conus in the ventricular cycle is variable; early in the cycle the co...

The cone snail is the only invertebrate system in which the vitamin K dependent carboxylase (or γ-carboxylase) and its product γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)1 have been identified. It remains the sole source of structural information of invertebrate γ-carboxylase subtrates. Four novel γcarboxyglutamic acid (Gla)1 containing peptides were purified from the venom of Conus textile and characterized ...

Substantial data exist from cadaveric and magnetic resonance imaging studies regarding the position of the conus medullaris in normally developed adults. However, no large studies have documented the position of the conus medullaris in patients with diagnosed lumbar spinal stenosis. To goal of the current study was to determine the position of the conus medullaris within a living adult populati...

Understanding the evolution of ecological specialization is important for making inferences about the origins of biodiversity. Members of the predatory, marine gastropod genus Conus exhibit a variety of diets and the ability to capture prey is linked to a venom comprised of peptide neurotoxins, termed conotoxins. We identified conotoxin transcripts from Conus leopardus, a species of Conus that ...

In our efforts for cloning novel I(2)-superfamily conotoxins using the signal peptide sequence, we identified a novel conotoxin Lt12.4 from Conus litteratus. This gene has a framework XII (-C-C-C-C-CC-C-C-), which is distinct from the cysteine pattern I(2)-superfamily conotoxin (-C-C-CC-CC-C-C-). Subsequently, we found the signal peptide sequence of Lt12.4 by 5'-RACE. Using this new sequence, w...