The static form of the size-distance invariance hypothesis asserts that a given proximal stimulus size (visual angle) determines a unique and constant ratio of perceived object size to perceived object distance. A proposed kinetic invariance hypothesis asserts that a changing proximal stimulus size (an expanding or contracting solid visual angle) produces a constant perceived size and a changin...

Significant differences between epicardial and endocardial systolic stress in the wall of the left ventricle (LV) have been predicted by various models of LV mechanics. Yet a model incorporating transmural differences in fiber orientation and torsion, defined as a rotation of the apex with respect to the base around the long axis of the LV, predicts transmural equalization of stress and shorten...

BACKGROUND No study relating the changes obtained in the architecture of erector spinae (ES) muscle were registered with ultrasound and different intensities of muscle contraction recorded by surface EMG (electromyography) on the ES muscle was found. The aim of this study was analyse the relationship in the response of the ES muscle during isometric moderate and light lumbar isometric extension...

The structure of the pressure swirl nozzle is key factor affecting atomization quality. Optimal design conducive to improving quality and has important significance for efficiency stability combustor. effect section diameter, contraction angle, straight expansion angle on spray cone liquid film thickness studied by numerical simulation. results show that both decrease with increase angle. As di...

The use of antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor to treat neovascular glaucoma yields good anatomic results in most cases. However, this type of glaucoma can cause angle closure with decompensation of intraocular pressure secondary to fibrovascular tissue contraction in the anterior chamber. Our surgical technique treats the cause by removing the anterior chamber fibrous complex after ...

BACKGROUND Phase imaging derived from equilibrium radionuclide angiography presents the ventricular contraction sequence. It has been widely but only indirectly correlated with the sequence of electrical myocardial activation. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the specific relationship between the sequence of phase progression and the sequence of myocardial activation, contraction and conduct...

we investigated contraction to noradrenaline (na) and kc1 and sensitivity of na at the level of larger vessels (thoracic aorta and vena cava; left renal artery and left renal vein; lateral saphenous artery and lateral saphenous vein and finally central ear artery and marginal ear vein) in a model devised to mimic heart failure. the model presented here is the rabbit coronary ligation model in w...