BACKGROUND There are few data on the interaction between temperature and snow and rain precipitation, although they could interact in their effects on road traffic injuries. METHODS The integrated database of the Korea Road Traffic Authority was used to calculate the daily frequency of road traffic injuries in Seoul. Weather data included rain and snow precipitation, temperature, pressure, an...

False alarm and misdetected precipitation are prominent drawbacks of high-resolution satellite precipitation datasets, and they usually lead to serious uncertainty in hydrological and meteorological applications. In order to provide accurate rain area delineation for retrieving high-resolution precipitation datasets using satellite microwave observations, a probabilistic neural network (PNN)-ba...

Precipitation during 2001-2016 over the northern and central part of Tuscany was studied in order to characterize the rainfall regime. The dataset consisted of hourly cumulative rainfall series recorded by a network of 801 rain gauges. The territory was divided into 30x30 km square areas, the annual, seasonal and daily Average Cumulative Rainfall (ACR) in all areas was estimated along with its ...

Rain attenuation is a major shortcoming of microwave transmission. J.S Ojo1, 2, M.O Ajewole1, S.K Sarkar2. An improved approach of predicting rain attenuation cumulative. rain attenuation formula Approach for determining the values of rain attenuation at different.Attenuation due to rain is an important constraint in the designing of the microwave. The paper presents a new prediction model of r...

This study investigates the sensitivity of the estimated monthly convective rain fraction— that is, the percentage of the areal rain accumulation contributed by precipitation identified as convective—to variations of the Z–R parameters used in radar-based rainfall estimation. Accurate knowledge of the fractions of precipitation that are convective and stratiform is important for climatological ...

Prognostic equations for the rain mass mixing ratio and the rain drop number concentration are introduced into the large-scale cloud microphysics parameterization of the ECHAM5 general circulation model (ECHAM5-RAIN). For this a rain flux from one level to the next with the appropriate fall speed is introduced. This maintains rain water in 5 the atmosphere to be available for the next time step...

Gridding of daily precipitation data alleviates many of the limitations of data that are derived from point observations, such as problems associated with missing data and the lack of spatial coverage. As a result, gridded precipitation data can be valuable for applied climatological research and monitoring, but they too have limitations. To understand the limitations of gridded data more fully...

The cloud feedback problem is one of the largest uncertainties in climate studies because cloud formation and dissipation are complicated processes. Clouds have mutual relations to aerosols and precipitation. Increases in aerosol concentrations result in a decreased drop size and modify the cloud radiative forcing. Decreased drop size may also suppress precipitation. Precipitation is generated ...

Rainfall intensity estimates by passive microwave (PMW) measurements from space perform generally better over the sea surface with respect to land, due to the problems in separating true rain signatures from those produced by surfaces having similar spectral behaviour (e.g. snow, ice, desert and semiarid grounds). The screening procedure aimed at recognizing the various surface types and delimi...