abstract main objective of this paper is to evaluate supportive policies of beef producers during the first, second, third and fourth terms of economic, social, and cultural development plans (1989 - 2008).to evaluate the policies, the producers support estimate(pse) index and other indicators (pse %, npc & nac) were used. furthermore, percentages of pse were calculated in different scenarios o...

abstract main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of exchange rate misalignment on wheat’s producer estimates (pse), using the 1989-2007 period’s data. for this purpose, vector error correction model (vecm) along with the use of real exchange rate based on purchasing power party (ppp) was applied to estimate nominal equilibrium exchange rates. then, by using market price suppor...

We test perturbatively a recent scheme for implementing chiral fermions on the lattice, proposed by Kaplan and modified by Narayanan and Neuberger, using as our testing ground the chiral Schwinger model. The scheme is found to reproduce the desired form of the effective action, whose real part is gauge invariant and whose imaginary part gives the correct anomaly in the continuum limit, once tec...

M companies with consumer direct service models, especially grocery delivery services, have found that home delivery poses an enormous logistical challenge due to the unpredictability of demand coupled with strict delivery windows and low profit margin products. These systems have proven difficult to manage effectively and could benefit from new technology, particularly to manage the interactio...

Few studies have been performed to use the detailed healthy eating index (HEI) to estimate consumer demand for diet quality. In this article, we apply household production theory to systematically estimate consumer demand for diet quality using the HEI developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The results show that consumers have insufficient consumption of food containing dark green and...

Understanding the long-term impacts of present choices is of growing importance to citizens and governments in today’s world. Individual consumers have not received a great deal of support in their efforts to make these assessments for the products that they consume regularly. Consumers may not agree on the relative importance of all of the possible attributes that a product may have, yet each ...