We investigated brain activity evoked by faces which were not consciously perceived by subjects. Subdural electrophysiological recordings and functional neuroimaging studies have each demonstrated face-specific processing in the fusiform gyrus (FFG) of humans. Using pattern masks, a stimulus can be presented but not consciously perceived, and thus can be used to assay obligatory or automatic pr...

Although many responses to odorous stimuli are mediated without olfactory information being consciously processed, some olfactory behaviors require conscious information processing. I will here contrast situations in which olfactory information is processed consciously to situations in which it is processed non-consciously. This contrastive analysis reveals that conscious information processing...

Previous research has shown that the activation of a goal leads to more implicit positivity toward goal-relevant stimuli. We examined how the actual pursuit of a goal influences subsequent implicit positivity toward such stimuli. Participants were consciously or non-consciously primed with a goal, or not, and then completed a goal-relevant task on which they succeeded or failed. We then measure...

Two experiments examined the effects of reinstated context on consciously controlled and automatic influences of memory. Results showed that reinstating associative context had separate effects of enhancing both controlled and automatic influences. In contrast, dividing attention during study reduced later recollection, a consciously controlled use of memory, but left automatic influences uncha...

This article deals with a conscious entity being the building block of conscious systems. Such an informational entity is called informon, with its local and global function. The idea of informon as a conscious unit roots in the property of a sufficient complexity and learning capabilities, realized by different sorts of informational interpretation, formalism, general and metaphysicalistic dec...