This study investigated the role of reasoning biases in delusion formation and maintenance. Reasoning judgments have been shown to be influenced by prior knowledge, beliefs, and experience--that is, information stored in semantic memory. It was hypothesized that high schizotypes would exhibit a "jump to conclusions" style of reasoning as a result of not using implicit information concerned with...

Subjective Logic has operators for conditional deduction and conditional abduction where subjective opinions are input arguments. With these operators traditional Bayesian reasoning can be generalised from taking only probabilistic arguments to also taking opinions as arguments, thereby allowing Bayesian modeling of situations affected by uncertainty and incomplete information. Conditional dedu...

According to the mental models theory (Johnson-Laird, 1983, 1993, 2001; Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991), conditional reasoning is based on the construction of mental models of the premises and drawing conclusions from them. The number of models required in a reasoning task is the main predictor of the difficulty of the task. Besides the number of models, another factor that can affect conditional ...

Conditional inference plays a central role in logical and Bayesian reasoning, and is used in a wide range of applications. It basically consists of expressing conditional relationship between parent and child propositions, and then to combine those conditionals with evidence about the parent propositions in order to infer conclusions about the child propositions. While conditional reasoning is ...

Deductive reasoning is traditionally viewed as a unitary process involving either rule-based or visuo-spatial mechanisms. However, there is a disagreement in the neuroimaging literature on whether the data support one alternative over the other. Here we test the hypothesis that discrepancies in the literature result from the reasoning materials themselves. Using functional magnetic resonance im...

Aiming to solving the problem that the evidence information based on Dezert-Smarandache (DSm) model can not be fused effectively in Conditional Evidential Network based on Smets/DS model (ENC), a reasoning method in Conditional Evidential Network based on DSm model is proposed. First, the conditional reasoning formular in Conditional Evidential Network based on DSm model is proved and the reaso...