a lot of people think that the economic development of a country is associated with its grossdomestic product (gdp), but gdp does not consider aspects as important as the environmental performanceof a country. nowadays, environmental issues are one of the most important aspects of the long termdevelopment of a country and play an important role in a nation’s wealth. although the analysis of cou...

This study aimed to re-evaluate the concordance between FISH and IHC for HER-2 status, and evaluate its clinicopathologic significance in breast cancer by the new guideline (2014) in China. We determined the HER-2 status in 589 cases of invasive breast cancer, the concordance and correlation between these two results and their relationship to cliniopathological characteristics were evaluated. T...

SLEEP EVALUATION IN HUMANS HAS BEEN USUALLY PERFORMED WITH POLYSOMNOGRAPHY (PSG), A TECHNIQUE CONSIDERED THE GOLD STANDARD FOR SLEEP STUDIES. In fact, PSG has been used in clinical trials in spite of its limitations for longitudinal and more naturalistic studies. Actigraphs, instruments to measure wrist motor activity and also called activity monitors, provide an indirect assessment of sleep th...

INTRODUCTION: Validation of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) is recommended for accurate measurement of habitual food consumption. We assessed the relative validity of a FFQ in patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS: Each patient responded to a FFQ and three 24-hour food recalls. Pearson's correlation and weighted Kappa index analyses were p...

We present a generalized estimating equations approach for estimating the concordance correlation coefficient and the kappa coefficient from sample survey data. The estimates and their accompanying standard error need to correctly account for the sampling design. Weighted measures of the concordance correlation coefficient and the kappa coefficient, along with the variance of these measures acc...

Accurate and precise measurement is an important component of any proper study design. As elaborated by Lin (1989, Biometrics 45, 255-268), the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is more appropriate than other indices for measuring agreement when the variable of interest is continuous. However, this agreement index is defined in the context of comparing two fixed observers. In order to u...

Assessing agreement is often of interest in clinical studies to evaluate the similarity of measurements produced by different raters or methods on the same subjects. Lin's (1989, Biometrics 45, 255-268) concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) has become a popular measure of agreement for correlated continuous outcomes. However, commonly used estimation methods for the CCC do not accommodate c...

In many clinical studies, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is a common tool to assess the agreement of a continuous response measured by two raters or methods. However, the need for measures of agreement may arise for more complex situations, such as when the responses are measured on more than one occasion by each rater or method. In this work, we propose a new CCC in the presen...