In the end, however, Heywood's conclusions are unsurprising. He decides that child labour ended in industrial sectors such as textiles because rising real wages by the end of the nineteenth century allowed parents to dispense with childrens' earnings at precisely the same time that compulsory elementary education became more strongly enforced. These two factors were more effective than legal co...

BACKGROUND Having secure employment, in contrast to being unemployed, is regarded as an important determinant of health. Research and theories about the negative health consequences of unemployment indicated that transition from unemployment to a paid job could lead to improved health. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that obtaining permanent employment after being in an u...

BACKGROUND Professional divers are exposed to physiological effects of increased ambient pressure and may be exposed to hazards like carcinogens in polluted breathing gas and water. Consequences in terms of adverse health effects and mortality have been debated for many years. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the risk of cancer in Norwegian professional divers to that of the general p...

Working papers are preliminary documents circulated to stimulate discussion and obtain comments 1 USA Government Accountability office (GAO) [email protected] or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Globalization and the illicit market for human trafficking: an empirical...

A simmering crisis in the Nigerian agriculture today involves labour and the crisis manifests itself in the degree of labour availability, labour demand and labour productivity. One of the major products of this crisis is the increased participation of children in paid, non-familiar agricultural jobs. Agriculture ranks as one of the three most dangerous work activities, along with mining and co...

I exploit exogenous variation in the likelihood to obtain any sort of educational qualification between January- and February-born individuals for 13 academic cohorts in England. For these cohorts compulsory schooling laws interacted with the timing of the CSE and O-level exams to change the probability of obtaining a qualification by around 2-3 percentage points. I then use data on individuals...