This paper presents an investigation conducted in a public university central Mexico into the possible influence of learners’ perceptions task difficulty (TD) on levels complexity, accuracy and fluency (CAF) during performance three tasks (personal information, narrative decision-making tasks). Firstly, four learner pairs performed tasks, their CAF were measured. Secondly, participants intervie...

This study aimed at examining the main and interaction effects of increased intentional reasoning demands, planning time, and also language learning aptitude on syntactic complexity, accuracy, lexical complexity, and fluency (CALF) of 226 EFL learners’ performance on letter writing tasks. The participants were first randomly assigned to three experimental groups to be given a task with differin...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of two types of paragraph on EFL learners’ written production. It addressed the issue of how three aspects of language production (i.e. complexity, accuracy, and fluency) vary among two types of paragraphs (i.e. paragraphs of chronology and cause-effect) written by EFL learners. Thirty intermediate level learners of English participate...

Research evidence reported to date demonstrates the differential effects of manipulating second language (L2) task conditions on the resultant production as measured in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. The present study was aimed at adding to the available body of findings by exploring the synergistic effects of two task condition variables, namely online planning and immediacy (± He...

Previous studies have explored the roles of metacognitive instruction and collaborative writing, separately, in English writing. Little attention has been paid to students’ writing complexity, accuracy, fluency (CAF). The present study aims bridge this gap through investigating integrated performances based on linguistic features CAF. focus was four groups: a collaborative-writing setting (n = ...

The literature of ELT is perhaps overwhelmed by attempts to enhance learners’ writing through the application of different methodologies. One such methodology is critical discourse analysis which is founded upon stressing not only the decoding of the propositional meaning of a text but also its ideological assumptions. Accordingly, this study was an attempt to investigate the impact of critical...

The  present  meta-analysis  was  conducted  to  provide  a  quantitative  measure  of  the overall effects of task complexity on Chinese EFL learners’ language  production.  Based  on  the strict inclusion criteria, 12 primary  studies  were synthesized according to key  features.  Eleven of them  were  meta-analyzed  to  investigate  effects  of  raising  the  resource-directing  task  comple...

This study was an attempt to investigate the developmental rate of fluency, accuracy and complexity among 12 EFL learners within the framework of chaos complexity theory. To carry out this study, 6 female and 6 male participants in two levels of proficiency (pre-and upper-intermediate) were put in two classes taught by the same teacher and following the same course. Every two months (for a peri...

The present study investigated the potential of writing in English as a foreign language (EFL) for learning by manipulating cognitive task complexity based on related models and hypotheses. essays written 59 Chinese postgraduate EFL students from different subject areas were analysed with reference to complexity, accuracy, fluency (CAF). Results showed that had no significant effect learners’ l...