Orthographic transparency refers to the systematicity in the mapping between orthographic letter sequences and phonological phoneme sequences in both directions, for reading and spelling. Measures of transparency previously used in the analysis of orthographies of other languages include regularity, consistency, and entropy. However, previous reports have typically been hampered by severe restr...

The Internet revolution brought about significant changes in the availability of market information to consumers in many industries. This research examines technology-driven changes in market transparency, defined as the ability of market participants to observe information about products and prices. The objective is to develop a modeling and empirical basis for a theory of market transparency ...

Economic transparency will lead to economic stability and corruption decline. Thus the shortage of transparency mechanisms, laws and procedures will raise corruption and make it tough to cutout corruption. Also, loss of transparency in financial and economic system creates to instability, inappropriate allocation of resources, the boom of injustice and inequality and as a result paves the way f...

organizational transparency has been considered by many experts in the past two decades. in the previous studies more attention has been taken to disclosure of the information; and the relations between the concepts of organizational transparency, organizational culture and performance has not been considered in this article as set forth. therefore, current research has been studied the effect ...

hree hundred years ago, alchemy became chemistry. Arcane art became science when its practitioners abandoned secrecy to embrace process transparency and peer review. Today, software engineering is undergoing a similar transition, moving from closed to open source development. Only when we complete this transition, adopting open source development as a normal practice, can software development a...

Trust, along with transparency, is an important indicator of a satisfactory relationship between a government and the public. Considering transparency as the key to trust in government, the purpose of this paper is to postulate a link between transparency and trust taking into account satisfaction as a psychological factor. This paper tries to find the answer of these questions: “Is there...

full, on-time, and with quality disclosure of financial information can lead to the transparency of such information and decreases information asymmetry. among the published information of firms, earnings are of priority importance attended by many users; therefore, the issue of the transparency of accounting earnings is of high importance. the aim of this study is investigating the accounting ...

Since its discovery, the wetting transparency of graphene, the transmission of the substrate wetting property over graphene coating, has gained significant attention due to its versatility for potential applications. Yet, there have been debates on the interpretation and validity of the wetting transparency. Here, we present a theory taking two previously disregarded factors into account and el...

Color transparency is the proposal that under certain circumstances the strong interactions can be controlled and in some cases reduced in magnitude. We give a comprehensive review of the physics, which hinges on the interface of perturbative QCD with non–perturbative strong interactions. Color transparency is expected to occur in many kinds of quasi–exclusive reactions with either electron or ...