introduction: one the most anxious moments for mothers and families is labor pain and various methods for its relief have an effect on labor management, patient satisfaction and labor outcome. both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used to relieve labor pain, but in recently years, researchers have focused their attention to non-pharmacological methods for reduction of labor p...

for the first time in the minkowski space, an rn 1 time-like complementary ruled surface isdescribed and relations are given connected with an asymptotic and tangential bundle of the time-likecomplementary ruled surface. furthermore, theorems are given related to edge space, central space andcentral ruled surface of this complementary ruled surface.

background & aim: reason destroyer and side effectories some chemical drugs , many pations would to use medicinal plants , on the other hand new medicine nevereless cost and powerful ,have problems for treat some maladies specically chronic maladies. we at this article surveid satisfactoryُ s pations of herbal medicine to compare with new therapeutic ways and defined that further pations for...