We present a model of sperm competition that incorporates both sperm and nonsperm parts of the ejaculate. Our primary focus is on determining how ejaculate composition and size evolves as a function of the effects of seminal fluid on male reproductive success and as a function of asymmetry in sperm usage by females. The model predicts that different patterns of investment in sperm and seminal p...

A large number of vegetation indices have been developed and widely applied in terrestrial ecosystem research in the recent decades. However, a certain limitation was observed while applying these indices in research in dry areas due to their low sensitivity to low vegetation cover. In this context, the objectives of this study are to develop a new vegetation index, namely, the Generalized Diff...

The first comprehensive town planning legislation in Australia was enacted by the Western Australian Parliament in 1929. This followed a number of events in Australia to showcase the benefits of town planning, from 1914, onwards. They included an Australasian town planning tour by Charles Reade on behalf of the Garden Cities and Town Planning Association of Great Britain, in 1914 -1915, after w...

Until the year 2000, there was no specific statute enacted in Jordan that regulates unfair competition. In the year 2000, the Jordanian Unfair Competition Law No. 15 of 2000 was enacted. The Law deals with the issue of unfair competition in a very generic way. In addition to the Jordanian Unfair Competition Law, the principal statutory source of protection is implemented through the general rul...

0003-3472/$38.0

Formed in 1927, the College is a not-for-profit organisation training surgeons and maintaining surgical standards in Australia and New Zealand. A Fellowship based organisation, the College is committed to ensuring the highest standard of safe and comprehensive surgical care for the community we serve through excellence in surgical education, training, professional development and support. As pa...

Males in many taxa are known to exhibit behavioural plasticity in response to the perceived intensity of sperm competition, reflected in Drosophila melanogaster by increased copulation duration following prior exposure to a rival. We tested the prediction that males do not adjust their copulation effort in response to the presence of a competitor in Drosophila species where there is little or n...