The ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) abolished its total ban on religious activities in 1982. However, the distrust that the CCP feels for religions remains obvious today, and the religious restrictions in contemporary China remain tight. Conventional wisdom tells us that the official atheist ideology of Marxism-Leninism is the main reason behind the CCP’s distrust for, and restriction of, ...

The Korean War had no official ending and has continued in a form of Cold since 1953, the year cease-fire agreement was signed, yet, during past five decades, it appears to have faded from South memory. Anti-communism became national ideology post-war Korea. For country that endeavoring establish identity differs communist North Korea, establishment an anti-communist state inevitable. However, ...

The 1950s in Australia began with the newly elected Menzies Government's campaign to ban Communist Party of Australia, feeding into and sustaining growing anti‐communist rhetoric post‐war nation. Fears communist infiltration coloured actions Australian peace movement, public commentators political figures condemning movement as a fifth column intent on destroying society. Peace activists had ma...

Behavior genetic approaches are becoming increasingly popular in political science. Many studies, to date, used a classical twin design to explore both political participation and ideological self-placement in Western democracies but studies in different political contexts, such as post-communist countries, are scarce. This paper is the first to explore the heritability of ideology and politica...

In his article "The Reception of Mao's 'Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art' in English-language Scholarship" Qilin Fu examines the three waves of the reception of Mao Zedong's 1942 text. Fu elaborates on the understandings of Mao's ideas about literature and art and discusses the changes depending on historical and political contexts. Fu argues that the changes are explicit or impl...

The principles of Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM) and a short history of this medical tradition as practised in the Republic of Mongolia are provided. TMM represents an Asian medical tradition which is greatly influenced by Tibetan Buddhism and which had flourished for centuries in regions inhabited by the Mongols. After the communist ideology had gained recognition in Outer Mongolia in th...

This paper seeks to explore the history of evolution leftist politics in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan, which underwent a long process transformation. Beginning with anti-colonial sentiments opposing British imperialism undivided India, revolutionary struggle fused Pan-Islamism during Khilafat movement and finally came into direct contact Bolshevik ideology at end Hijra (travel) Afghanis...

This paper studies the long-term impact of societal socialization on values using the example of doping behavior in sports. We apply the German Reunification Approach to the microcosm of Berlin and exploit its 40-year long division into a capitalist and a communist sector. We deliberately chose attitudes toward doping to test the impact of ideology on values since (i) post-1989 disappointed eco...