Open Automated Demand Response (OpenADR), an XML-based information exchange model, is used to facilitate continuous price-responsive operation and demand response participation for large commercial buildings in New York who are subject to the default day-ahead hourly pricing. We summarize the existing demand response programs in New York and discuss OpenADR communication, prioritization of dema...

In commercial buildings in Lahore, artificial cooling systems are needed to attain the required comfort level due to high heat gain inside. Energy efficient window design is the only solution which can limit this cooling demand. This simulated study is carried out in order to obtain a desirable window size (WWR). The study is carried out by the interpretation of graphical data which is generate...

Commercial buildings incorporate Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) to monitor indoor environment conditions as well as controlling Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Measurements of temperature, humidity and energy consumption are typically stored within BEMS. These measurements include underlying information regarding building thermal response, which is crucial fo...

Neural network approach is applied to establish relationships between the quantities/cost of the concrete/formwork, which is required for the structural elements of tall buildings using high performance concrete (HPC), and the design variables. Hybrid and hierarchical strategies are proposed for the cost estimation, where the feed-forward networks are adopted. After training, the neural network...

Urban areas consume up to 80 percent of the world's total energy production and are growing in size and complexity. At present, urban building energy consumption is largely considered solely in terms of individual building types, neglecting the effects of residents’ location-based activities that influence patterns in energy supply and demand. Here, we examine the spatial fluctuations of these ...

With energy use growing rapidly around the world, building energy conservation is becoming a great concern especially for large commercial buildings. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop appropriate methods for energy use assessment of commercial buildings. In recent years, energy monitoring system (EMS) has been applied in some large-scale commercial buildings, which has laid the ...

It has been shown that the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of commercial buildings can offer ancillary services to power systems due to their large thermal inertia. In this paper, we propose a new control framework for scheduling and provision of frequency reserves by commercial building aggregations. The framework builds on a hierarchical control scheme: first, the re...