The debate over which fluid is most suitable for resuscitation of hypovolaemia has been going on for more than five decades. The choice of colloid or crystalloid varies; largely depending on personal preference, clinical experience, availability, and cost (1). Although the evidence for, and understanding of, different fluids has increased, there is an urgent need for appropriately sized, prospe...

It has been more than 50 yr since the landmark article in which Holliday and Segar (Pediatrics 1957;19:823-32) proposed the rate and composition of parenteral maintenance fluids for hospitalized children. Much of our practice of fluid administration in the perioperative period is based on this article. The glucose, electrolyte, and intravascular volume requirements of the pediatric surgical pat...

Context Measurement of blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentration by pulse oximetry (SpHb) could be of value to determine when erythrocytes should be transfused during surgery, but the effect of infusion fluids on the results is unclear. Objective To study the effect of crystalloid and colloid fluid on the accuracy (bias) and precision of SpHb to indicate the venous Hb concentration in volunteers. De...

We report a method to prepare catalytically active Janus colloids that "swim" in fluids and describe how to determine their 3D motion using fluorescence microscopy. One commonly deployed method for catalytically active colloids to produce enhanced motion is via an asymmetrical distribution of catalyst. Here this is achieved by spin coating a dispersed layer of fluorescent polymeric colloids ont...

UNLABELLED We evaluated in this qualitative systematic review the efficacy of increasing central blood volume on the incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Randomized controlled trials investigating any method of increasing central blood volume before the initiation of obstetric spinal anesthesia were sought by using MEDLINE (1966-2000), Embase (January...

We present a progress report on our work on lattice Boltzmann methods for colloidal suspensions. We focus on the treatment of colloidal particles in binary solvents and on the inclusion of thermal noise. For a benchmark problem of colloids sedimenting and becoming trapped by capillary forces at a horizontal interface between two fluids, we discuss the criteria for parameter selection, and addre...

We developed a novel method for preparation of asymmetrically coated colloid particles by using a microcontact printing technique. Films of water-insoluble ionic surfactants deposited on PDMS stamps were printed onto latex particle monolayers of opposite surface charge in order to produce spherical latex particles of dipolar surface charge distribution. We studied the effects of salt on the agg...

Nanofluidic devices can now be manufactured with a slit-like geometry whose charged walls are 50-1000 nm wide. Through these slits, large charged macromolecules at very low concentration suspended in electrolytes can flow and be analyzed and separated based on their charge and other properties. To study such a system and to compute the flow of these colloidal macromolecules, the equilibrium dis...

INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that choice of fluid used for resuscitation may influence mortality in critically ill patients. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 391 intensive care units across 25 countries to describe the types of fluids administered during resuscitation episodes. We used generalized estimating equations to examine the association between patient, prescri...

Controversy regarding the role of colloids in the resuscitation of trauma patients has persisted for the past century without a clear resolution. Recently, the early treatment goals of traumatic hypovolemic shock have changed with an emphasis on minimal intravenous fluid administration and the avoidance of over-resuscitation. While some clinicians see a role for colloids in this model, others h...