Discoveries made during the 1918 influenza A pandemic and reports of severe disease associated with coinfection during the 2009 hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 (commonly known as H1N1 or swine flu) pandemic have renewed interest in the role of coinfection in disease pathogenesis. The authors assessed how various timings of coinfection with influenza virus and pneumonia-causing bac...

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been reported as a coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CASE REPORT A 34-year-old female presented to our clinic with epigastric pain and severe acute hepatitis manifested as jaundice associated with hyperbilirubinemia, elevated transaminases, and coagulopathy. The...

results overall, 3 (15%) subjects achieved svr, 10 cases (50%) relapsed after treatment cessation and 7 (35%) patients did not clear hdv during the treatment. conclusions hdv coinfection with hbv had very low response rate to high doses and long durations of ifn α-2b therapy. objectives we aimed to determine the efficacy of ifn α-2b therapy in patients with hbv/hdv coinfection. patients and met...

The frequency of coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and either Anaplasma phagocytophila or Babesia microti among patients with erythema migrans, the initial skin lesion of Lyme disease, was assessed in 2 mainland locations in Rhode Island and Connecticut in a 4-year prospective study. Of the 93 patients with culture-proven erythema migrans, 2 (2%) patients had coinfection with A. phagocytoph...

Coinfection of the same host cell by multiple viruses may lead to increased competition for limited cellular resources, thus reducing the fitness of an individual virus. Selection should favor viruses that can limit or prevent coinfection, and it is not surprising that many viruses have evolved mechanisms to do so. Here we explore whether coinfection is limited in the RNA bacteriophage phi6 tha...

Amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors have typically been used to infect target cells without prior concentration. Although this can yield high rates of infection, higher rates may be needed where highly efficient coinfection of two or more vectors is needed. In this investigation we used amphotropic retroviral vectors produced by the Plat-A cell line and studied coinfection rates using gr...

BACKGROUND Although adenovirus (ADV) infection occurs steadily all year round in Korea and the identification of respiratory viral coinfections has been increasing following the introduction of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction tests, the clinical impact of viral coinfection in children with ADV infection has rarely been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of children ...

The increasing health care crisis of coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV has recently attracted the attention of research in the areas of psychiatric and neurocognitive complications related to coinfection. The preliminary data suggest that HIV/HCV coinfection has neurocognitive and psychiatric effects. This review summarizes the findings of what is known about the neurocognitive a...

Coinfection of a host by multiple parasite species is commonly observed and recent epidemiological work indicates that coinfection can enhance parasite transmission. This article proposes an immunoepidemiological framework to understand how within-host interactions during coinfection might affect between-host transmission. Cytokines, immune signalling molecules with a fundamental role in the am...

BACKGROUND Plasmodium-helminth coinfection can have a number of consequences for infected hosts, yet our knowledge of the epidemiology of coinfection across multiple settings is limited. This study investigates the distribution and heterogeneity of coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and 3 major helminth species across East Africa. METHODS Cross-sectional parasite surveys were conducted am...