cognitive appraisals of the trauma play a key role in children’s adjustment following a traumatic event, but how these appraisals develop is not well understood. cognitive models of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) suggest that social support is a key influence on the development of appraisals, and we aimed to explore this relationship further. as predicted by cognitive models of ptsd, we h...

Web-based programming has become a popular and vital issue in recent years. The rapid growth of various applications not only demonstrates the importance of web-based programming, but also reveals the difficulty of training relevant skills. The difficulty is owing to the lack of facilities such as online coding, debugging and peer help to assist the students in promoting their cognitive develop...

Much of the literature surrounding the effectiveness of intelligent tutoring systems has focused on the type of feedback students receive. Current research suggests that the timing of feedback also plays a role in improved learning. Some researchers have shown that delaying feedback might lead to a “desirable difficulty”, where students’ performance while practicing is lower, but they in fact l...

It is well known that good language models improve performance of speech recognition. One requirement for the estimation of language models is a sufficient amount of texts of the application domain. If not all words of the domain occur in the training texts for language models, a way must be found to model these words adequately. In this paper we report on a new approach of building word classe...

The introduction of Web-based resources to support learning and teaching in Higher education has prompted a plethora of research into their effectiveness. Of the studies that have examined the role of cognitive style and learning strategies, results have generally been rather inconclusive and contradictory. The purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between a number of influen...

This special section focuses on help seeking in a wide range of learning environments, from classrooms to online forums. Previous research has rather restrictively focused on the identification of personal characteristics that predict whether or not learners seek help under certain conditions. However, help-seeking research has begun to broaden these self-imposed limitations. The papers in this...

Various application domains exist where the advantages of the event-based paradigm make it a key technology. In general, this architectural style allows better control of the structural and behavioral complexity of applications: components can be developed independently and loosely integrated. The computational behavior of this paradigm, however, remains poorly understood. This position paper a...

Implementing web-applications securely is a laborious and error-prone task; as a result a large number of (professionally designed) websites suffer from serious application-level security vulnerabilities. In this paper we describe SPECTRE, a tool which helps to secure dynamic web-applications. As well as aiding in the development process of new applications SPECTRE can also be used to fix vulne...