experiment in which a survey of AI and expert systems (ES) literature was attempted using Science Citation Indexes The survey identified a sample of authors and institutions that have had a significant impact on the historical development of AI and ES However, it also identified several glaring problems with using Science Citation Indexes as a method of comprehensively studying a body of scient...

We study the solvability in the whole Euclidean space of coercive quasi-linear and fully nonlinear elliptic equations modeled on ∆u±g(|∇u|) = f(u), u ≥ 0, where f and g are increasing continuous functions. We give conditions on f and g which guarantee the availability or the absence of positive solutions of such equations in R . Our results considerably improve the existing ones and are sharp o...

We consider an oblique derivative problem for non-divergence parabolic equations with discontinuous in t coefficients in a half-space. We obtain weighted coercive estimates of solutions in anisotropic Sobolev spaces. We also give an application of this result to linear parabolic equations in a bounded domain. In particular, if the boundary is of class C1,δ, δ ∈ (0, 1], then we present a coerciv...

In this paper, we provide an ex-ante explanation for why some technologies such as James Watt’s steam engine move successfully across broad technological fields, while other technologies do not. Using a sample of VC-backed biotechnology firms, we examine firm knowledge exploration choices along three dimensions—the decision to build from technologies across broad fields, the decision to explore...

A combination of a solution process and the control of the electric potential for magnetism represents a new approach to operating spintronic devices with a highly controlled efficiency and lower power consumption with reduced production cost. As a paradigmatic example, we investigated Co/Pt(111) in the Bloch-wall regime. The depression in coercive force was detected by applying a negative elec...

the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leadership style and power source of coaches in iranian super league volleyball teams from players’ point of view as well as to prioritize leadership styles and power sources in coaches of all teams. for this purpose, all iranian super league volleyball team players in season 2008-2009 completed the leadership scale for sport (ch...

In coercive diplomacy, coercers have two basic objectives. First, they want to wrest the largest possible concessions from the target. Second, they want to win without having to pay the costs of war. Yet these two objectives are often in tension: demanding larger concessions carries a greater risk of war. Avoiding war, by contrast, may require backing down in defeat. How do coercers balance the...

When do states defend their reputations? States sometimes pay high costs to protect their reputations, but other times willingly tarnish them. What accounts for the difference? This article investigates reputation building in the context of coercive diplomacy. In coercive bargaining, giving in to a challenge can harm one’s reputation. I argue, however, that states value their reputations less—a...

Using percentile shares, one can visualize and analyze the skewness in bibliometric data across disciplines and over time. The resulting figures can be intuitively interpreted and are more suitable for detailed analysis of the effects of independent and control variables on distributions than regression analysis. We show this by using percentile shares to analyze factors influencing citation im...