AKR mice with spontaneous leukemia were infused with normal serum from a variety of species. Leukemia cell destruction was produced by serum from strains of mice possessing the full spectrum of complement components, but not by serum from strains with a genetically determined deficiency of C5. Serum from guinea pigs, horses, and humans also causes destruction of leukemia cells. The antileukemic...

The complex chemical nature of Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom was indicated by Ganguly & Malkana (1936) and Ganguly (1937), who reported its percentage composition as follows: total protein 87-56, globulin 20*31, albumin 39-69, primary proteose 11 31, secondary proteose 16-81. In addition to proteins, the venom was found to contain cholesterol, phospholipins, inorganic substances and colouring ...

Natural hemagglutinin activity against vertebrate erythrocytes is present in the hemolymph of the cockroach Blabarus craniifer. The hemagglutinin titer against rabbit erythrocytes is high, whereas sheep and horse red cells agglutinate weakly. Hemagglutinin activity was depressed by the complement inhibitor, cobra venom factor. Cockroach hemagglutinin is heat-labile; all activity is destroyed by...

Cobra venom factor (CVF), a nontoxic, complementactivating glycoprotein in cobra venom, is a functional analog of mammalian complement component C3b. The carbohydrate moiety of CVF consists exclusively of N-linked oligosaccharides with terminal α1-3-linked galactosyl residues, which are antigenic in human. CVF has potential for several medical applications, including targeted cell killing and c...

The low potency of cobra antivenom has been an area of concern in immunotherapy for cobra envenomation. This study sought to investigate factors limiting the neutralizing potency of cobra antivenom, using a murine model. We examined the immunological reactivity and neutralizing potency of a Thai polyvalent antivenom against the principal toxins of Naja sumatrana (Equatorial spitting cobra) veno...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) and pregabalin on cognition impairment induced by chronic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in rats. DESIGN Controlled animal study. SETTING Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University. SUBJECTS Forty adult male Sprague ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Snake-bites are the common cause of morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. In India, there are 216 species of snakes, of which only four are venomous snakes (cobra, krait, Russell's viper and saw scaled viper). This study was undertaken to find out the epidemiological profile of snake-bite incidences in the State of Andhra Pradesh, based on the data collected from...

BACKGROUND Ribonuclease (RNase) is one of the few toxic proteins that are present constantly in snake venoms of all types. However, to date this RNase is still poorly studied in comparison not only with other toxic proteins of snake venom, but also with the enzymes of RNase group. The objective of this paper was to investigate some properties of RNase from venom of Vietnam cobra Naja atra. ME...

When the toxin of the black snake {Walterirmesia aegyptea) was injected subcutaneously into albino rats, one of the common symptoms which appeared was the paralysis which takes place in the limb near the site of injection and extends to other limbs just before death. Such observations led us to examine the changes produced in a stimulated gastrocnemius-sciatic preparation of Bufo to show the ef...